Authors’ Response to the Validity of Cortisol and Galvanic Skin Responses for Measuring Student Stress During Training

Shannon Toohey   ¹ , MA, MD ;   Alisa Wray   ¹ , MA, MD ;   John Hunter   ² , PhD ;   Soheil Saadat   ¹ , MD, MPH, PhD ;   Megan Boysen-Osborn   ¹ , MHPE, MD ;   Jonathan Smart   ¹ , MD ;   Warren Wiechmann   ¹ , MBA, MD ;   Sarah D Pressman   ³ , PhD

¹ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States

² Department of Psychology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States

³ Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States