Psychological Safety Competency Training During the Clinical Internship From the Perspective of Health Care Trainee Mentors in 11 Pan-European Countries: Mixed Methods Observational Study

Irene Carrillo   ¹ , MSc, PhD ;   Ivana Skoumalová   ² , PhD ;   Ireen Bruus   ³ , MSc ;   Victoria Klemm   ⁴ ;   Sofia Guerra-Paiva   ^{5, 6} , MsD ;   Bojana Knežević   ⁷ , PhD ;   Augustina Jankauskiene   ⁸ , PhD ;   Dragana Jocic   ⁹ , PhD ;   Susanna Tella   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Sandra C Buttigieg   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Einav Srulovici   ¹² , PhD ;   Andrea Madarasová Gecková   ^{2, 13} , PhD ;   Kaja Põlluste   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Reinhard Strametz   ⁴ , MD ;   Paulo Sousa   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Marina Odalovic   ¹⁵ , PhD ;   José Joaquín Mira   ^{1, 16} , MPH, PhD

¹ Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain

² Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia

³ Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia

⁴ Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP), Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Wiesbaden, Germany

⁵ Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

⁶ Comprehensive Health Research Center, National School of Public Health, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

⁷ University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

⁸ Pediatric Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

⁹ BENU Pharmacy, PHOENIX Group Serbia, Belgrade, RS

¹⁰ Faculty of Social and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lappeenranta, Finland

¹¹ Department of Health Systems Management and Leadership, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Malta, Malta

¹² Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

¹³ Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia

¹⁴ Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

¹⁵ Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, RS

¹⁶ Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain