This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Theme Issue: ChatGPT and Generative Language Models in Medical Education (84) Artificial Intelligence (1371) Natural Language Processing (692) e-Learning and Medical Education (691) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (531) Continuing Medical Education (CME) for Doctors (124) Testing and Assessment in Medical Education (52) Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Education (78) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (311)

Published on in Vol 9 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/45312, first published .
How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment

How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment

How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment

Authors of this article:

Aidan Gilson1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Conrad W Safranek1 Author Orcid Image ;   Thomas Huang2 Author Orcid Image ;   Vimig Socrates1, 3 Author Orcid Image ;   Ling Chi1 Author Orcid Image ;   Richard Andrew Taylor1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   David Chartash1, 4 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (856) Tweetations (42) Metrics Author Video

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  741. Hopson S, Mildon C, Hassard K, Urie P, Della Corte D. Equipping Future Physicians with Artificial Intelligence Competencies through Student Associations. International Medical Education 2024;3(4):388 View
  742. Jairoun A, Al-Hemyari S, Shahwan M, Alnuaimi G, Ibrahim N, Jaber A. Capturing pharmacists’ perspectives on the value, risks, and applications of ChatGPT in pharmacy practice: A qualitative study. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy 2024;16:100518 View
  743. Fan K, Fan K. Dermatological Knowledge and Image Analysis Performance of Large Language Models Based on Specialty Certificate Examination in Dermatology. Dermato 2024;4(4):124 View
  744. Kim W, Kim B, Yeom H. Performance of Large Language Models on the Korean Dental Licensing Examination: A Comparative Study. International Dental Journal 2024 View
  745. Snigdha N, Batul R, Karobari M, Adil A, Dawasaz A, Hameed M, Mehta V, Noorani T, Tatu A. Assessing the Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 in Operative Dentistry and Endodontics: An Exploratory Study. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2024;2024(1) View
  746. Kim S, Lee C, Kim S. Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Guide for Radiologists. Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2024;85(5):861 View
  747. Torre D, Schuwirth L. Programmatic assessment for learning: A programmatically designed assessment for the purpose of learning: AMEE Guide No. 174. Medical Teacher 2024:1 View
  748. Reza R, Mahmud M, Ahmed S. Evaluating AI Excellence: A Comparative Analysis of Generative Models in Library and Information Science. Science & Technology Libraries 2024:1 View
  749. Huwiler J, Oechslin L, Biaggi P, Tanner F, Wyss C. Experimental assessment of the performance of artificial intelligence in solving multiple-choice board exams in cardiology. Swiss Medical Weekly 2024;154(10):3547 View
  750. Qin Q, Zhang S. Visualizing the knowledge mapping of artificial intelligence in education: A systematic review. Education and Information Technologies 2024 View
  751. Bedi S, Liu Y, Orr-Ewing L, Dash D, Koyejo S, Callahan A, Fries J, Wornow M, Swaminathan A, Lehmann L, Hong H, Kashyap M, Chaurasia A, Shah N, Singh K, Tazbaz T, Milstein A, Pfeffer M, Shah N. Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models. JAMA 2024 View
  752. Sensoy E, Citirik M. Evaluation and Comparison of the Knowledge Levels of Current Artificial Intelligence Programs on Retinal/Vitreous Diseases and Treatment Methods. Journal of Current Ophthalmology 2024;36(1):78 View
  753. Huang R, Benour A, Kemppainen J, Leung F. The future of AI clinicians: assessing the modern standard of chatbots and their approach to diagnostic uncertainty. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  754. Ramgopal S, Varma S, Gorski J, Kester K, Shieh A, Suresh S. Evaluation of a Large Language Model on the American Academy of Pediatrics' PREP Emergency Medicine Question Bank. Pediatric Emergency Care 2024 View
  755. Tiwari C, Bhat M, Dula Wedajo A, Khan S. Unveiling the bright side and dark side of AI-based ChatGPT : a bibliographic and thematic approach. Journal of Decision Systems 2024:1 View
  756. Liu W, Kan H, Jiang Y, Geng Y, Nie Y, Yang M. MED-ChatGPT CoPilot: a ChatGPT medical assistant for case mining and adjunctive therapy. Frontiers in Medicine 2024;11 View
  757. Meyer A, Chapman J. A slide into obscurity? The current state of histology education in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand medical curricula in 2022–2023. Anatomical Sciences Education 2024 View
  758. Barbosa‐Silva J, Driusso P, Ferreira E, de Abreu R. Exploring the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Analysis of CHAT‐GPT's Accuracy and Completeness in Addressing Urinary Incontinence Queries. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2024 View
  759. Zhou S, Luo X, Chen C, Jiang H, Yang C, Ran G, Yu J, Yin C. The performance of large language model-powered chatbots compared to oncology physicians on colorectal cancer queries. International Journal of Surgery 2024;110(10):6509 View
  760. Díaz B, Delgado C. Artificial intelligence: Tool or teammate?. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 2024 View
  761. Saad M, Almasri W, Hye T, Roni M, Mohiyeddini C. Analysis of ChatGPT-3.5’s Potential in Generating NBME-Standard Pharmacology Questions: What Can Be Improved?. Algorithms 2024;17(10):469 View
  762. Song E, Lee S. Comparative Analysis of the Response Accuracies of Large Language Models in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination Across Korean and English Questions. International Journal of Dental Hygiene 2024 View
  763. Fried A, Dorn S, Leland W, Mullen E, Williams D, Zaas A, MacGuire J, Bynum D. Large language models in internal medicine residency: current use and attitudes among internal medicine residents. Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024;4(1) View
  764. Greif L, Röckel F, Kimmig A, Ovtcharova J. A systematic review of current AI techniques used in the context of the SDGs. International Journal of Environmental Research 2025;19(1) View
  765. Li C, Zhang J, Abdul‐Masih J, Zhang S, Yang J. Performance of ChatGPT and Dental Students on Concepts of Periodontal Surgery. European Journal of Dental Education 2024 View
  766. Alfarraj Y, Wardat Y. Exploring the Impact of ChatGPT on Scientific Research: Assessing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Education as Change 2024;28 View
  767. Kong A, Liu N, Tan H, Sia A, Sng B. Artificial intelligence in obstetric anaesthesiology – The future of patient care?. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2024:104288 View
  768. Liu M, Okuhara T, Chang X, Okada H, Kiuchi T, Khlaif Z. Performance of ChatGPT in medical licensing examinations in countries worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. PLOS ONE 2024;19(10):e0312771 View
  769. Oliveira J, Eskandar K, Kar E, de Oliveira F, Filho A. Understanding AI’s Role in Endometriosis Patient Education and Evaluating Its Information and Accuracy: Systematic Review. JMIR AI 2024;3:e64593 View
  770. Holt N, Byrne M. The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Gastrointestinal Disease. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 2024 View
  771. Liu M, Okuhara T, Dai Z, Huang W, Gu L, Okada H, Furukawa E, Kiuchi T. Evaluating the Effectiveness of advanced large language models in medical Knowledge: A Comparative study using Japanese national medical examination. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2025;193:105673 View
  772. Gumilar K, Indraprasta B, Faridzi A, Wibowo B, Herlambang A, Rahestyningtyas E, Irawan B, Tambunan Z, Bustomi A, Brahmantara B, Yu Z, Hsu Y, Pramuditya H, Putra V, Nugroho H, Mulawardhana P, Tjokroprawiro B, Hedianto T, Ibrahim I, Huang J, Li D, Lu C, Yang J, Liao L, Tan M. Assessment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in decision-making support for gynecologic oncology. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2024;23:4019 View
  773. Zhang X, Zhang P, Shen Y, Liu M, Wang Q, Gašević D, Fan Y. A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on Applying Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education. Frontiers of Digital Education 2024;1(3):223 View
  774. Warren C, Payne N, Edmonds V, Voleti S, Choudry M, Punjani N, Abdul‐Muhsin H, Humphreys M. Quality of Chatbot Information Related to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. The Prostate 2024 View
  775. Hayat J, Lari M, AlHerz M, Lari A. The Utility and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Chatbots in Healthcare. Cureus 2024 View
  776. Bull D, Okaygoun D. Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT in the Prescribing Safety Assessment: Implications for Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Prescribing. Cureus 2024 View
  777. Hong D, Huang C. The performance of AI in medical examinations: an exploration of ChatGPT in ultrasound medical education. Frontiers in Medicine 2024;11 View
  778. Gotta J, Le Hong Q, Koch V, Gruenewald L, Geyer T, Martin S, Scholtz J, Booz C, Pinto Dos Santos D, Mahmoudi S, Eichler K, Gruber-Rouh T, Hammerstingl R, Biciusca T, Juergens L, Höhne E, Mader C, Vogl T, Reschke P. Large language models (LLMs) in radiology exams for medical students: Performance and consequences. RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 2024 View
  779. Wang X, Ye S, Feng J, Feng K, Yang H, Li H. Performance of ChatGPT on prehospital acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke screening. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  780. Balci A, Yazar Z, Ozturk B, Altan C. Performance of Chatgpt in ophthalmology exam; human versus AI. International Ophthalmology 2024;44(1) View
  781. Taniguchi M, Lindsey J. Performance of chatbots in queries concerning fundamental concepts in photochemistry. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2024 View
  782. Nascimento Teixeira B, Leitão A, Nascimento G, Campos-Fernandes A, Cercas F. Can ChatGPT Support Clinical Coding Using the ICD-10-CM/PCS?. Informatics 2024;11(4):84 View
  783. Mete U. Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Bing Compared with Resident Surgeons in the Otorhinolaryngology In-service Training Examination. Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 2024 View
  784. Rakauskas T, Da Costa A, Moriconi C, Gill G, Kwong J, Lee N. Evaluation of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer and Microsoft Copilot Performance on the American Society of Surgery of the Hand Self-Assessment Examinations. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2024 View
  785. Gritti M, Prajapati R, Yissar D, Morgan C. Precision of artificial intelligence in paediatric cardiology multimodal image interpretation. Cardiology in the Young 2024:1 View
  786. Xi N, Ji H, Wang L. Understanding Sarcoidosis Using Large Language Models and Social Media Data. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 2024 View
  787. Roblero Roblero K. ChatGPT y medicina. Revista de Investigación Proyección Científica 2024;6(1):97 View
  788. Chaiban T, Nahle Z, Assi G, Cherfane M. The intent of ChatGPT usage and its robustness in medical proficiency exams: a systematic review. Discover Education 2024;3(1) View
  789. Aster A, Laupichler M, Rockwell-Kollmann T, Masala G, Bala E, Raupach T. ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models in Medical Education — Scoping Literature Review. Medical Science Educator 2024 View
  790. Yigitbay A. Evaluation of ChatGPT’s Performance in the Turkish Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Examination. Medical Bulletin of Haseki 2024;62(4):243 View
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  792. Youssef Y, Youssef S, Melcher P, Henkelmann R, Osterhoff G, Theopold J. How accurately can ChatGPT 3.5 answer frequently asked questions by patients on glenohumeral osteoarthritis?. Obere Extremität 2024 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Lin S, Chung H, Chung F, Lan Y. Innovative Technologies and Learning. View
  2. Guan C, Ding D, Gupta P, Hung Y, Jiang Z. Exploring Cyber Criminals and Data Privacy Measures. View
  3. Maney K. Creative AI Tools and Ethical Implications in Teaching and Learning. View
  4. Twinomurinzi H, Gumbo S. South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. View
  5. Wang T. Smart Learning for A Sustainable Society. View
  6. Li L. Machine Learning and Data Mining Annual Volume 2023. View
  7. . Artificial Intelligence Applications Using ChatGPT in Education. View
  8. . Artificial Intelligence Applications Using ChatGPT in Education. View
  9. . Artificial Intelligence Applications Using ChatGPT in Education. View
  10. Yin M, Han B, Ryu S, Hua M. HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers. View
  11. Le-Nguyen H, Tran T. Generative AI in Teaching and Learning. View
  12. P. Stawicki S, J. Papadimos T, Salibi M, Pappada S. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Surgery - An Exploration of Current Trends, Potential Opportunities, and Evolving Threats - Volume 1. View
  13. Damaševičius R, Zailskaitė-Jakštė L. Leveraging ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence for Effective Customer Engagement. View
  14. Fuhrmann T, Niemetz M. Towards a Hybrid, Flexible and Socially Engaged Higher Education. View
  15. Le-Nguyen H, Tran T. The Role of Generative AI in the Communication Classroom. View
  16. Matheis P, John J. Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. View
  17. Zhong J, Shu H, Han X. Multimedia Technology and Enhanced Learning. View
  18. Stefan R, Carutasu G, Mocan M. The 17th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. View
  19. Barua R, Datta S. Applications, Challenges, and the Future of ChatGPT. View
  20. Anzum F, Asha A, Dey L, Gavrilov A, Iffath F, Ohi A, Pond L, Shopon M, Gavrilova M. Global Perspectives on the Applications of Computer Vision in Cybersecurity. View
  21. Kiran G, Ramachandran K, Tilak G, Bharathi T, Muhammad K, Loganayagi S. Proceedings of Third International Conference in Mechanical and Energy Technology. View
  22. Cai Y, Cao D, Guo R, Wen Y, Liu G, Chen E. Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications. View
  23. Sreerakuvandana S, Pappachan P, Arya V. Challenges in Large Language Model Development and AI Ethics. View
  24. Cope B, Kalantzis M. Trust and Inclusion in AI-Mediated Education. View
  25. Ngoc Tran Q, Ngoc T, Pham T, Felipe A, Huynh T, Tran Q. 17th WCEAM Proceedings. View