This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Theme Issue: ChatGPT and Generative Language Models in Medical Education (32) Artificial Intelligence (912) Natural Language Processing (553) e-Learning and Medical Education (548) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (297) Continuing Medical Education (CME) for Doctors (114) Testing and Assessment in Medical Education (28) Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Education (26) Generative language models including ChatGPT (53)

Published on in Vol 9 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/45312, first published .
How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment

How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment

How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment

Authors of this article:

Aidan Gilson 1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Conrad W Safranek 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Thomas Huang 1 Author Orcid Image ;   Vimig Socrates 2, 3 Author Orcid Image ;   Ling Chi 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Richard Andrew Taylor 1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   David Chartash 2, 4 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (277) Tweetations (47) Metrics Author Video

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  135. Epstein R, Dexter F. Variability in Large Language Models’ Responses to Medical Licensing and Certification Examinations. Comment on “How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment”. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48305 View
  136. Bonsu E, Baffour-Koduah D. From the Consumers’ Side: Determining Students’ Perception and Intention to Use ChatGPT in Ghanaian Higher Education. Journal of Education, Society & Multiculturalism 2023;4(1):1 View
  137. Tang Y, Zhong X, Su X, Hu X, Li X. Is Chat-GPT4 a qualified surgical oncologist?. International Journal of Surgery 2023;109(9):2846 View
  138. Kung J, Marshall C, Gauthier C, Gonzalez T, Jackson J. Evaluating ChatGPT Performance on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination. JBJS Open Access 2023;8(3) View
  139. Keller D, Behrns K, Wexner S. But can the Bot Write?. Surgery 2023;174(4):751 View
  140. Ilgaz H, Çelik Z. The Significance of Artificial Intelligence Platforms in Anatomy Education: An Experience With ChatGPT and Google Bard. Cureus 2023 View
  141. Abi-Rafeh J, Xu H, Kazan R, Tevlin R, Furnas H. Large Language Models and Artificial Intelligence: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons on the Demonstrated and Potential Applications, Promises, and Limitations of ChatGPT. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 2023 View
  142. Ayinde L, Wibowo M, Ravuri B, Emdad F. ChatGPT as an important tool in organizational management: A review of the literature. Business Information Review 2023;40(3):137 View
  143. Huang H. Performance of ChatGPT on Registered Nurse License Exam in Taiwan: A Descriptive Study. Healthcare 2023;11(21):2855 View
  144. Lombardo R, Cicione A, Santoro G, De Nunzio C. ChatGPT in prostate cancer: myth or reality?. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 2023 View
  145. Kim J, Chua M, Rickard M, Lorenzo A. ChatGPT and large language model (LLM) chatbots: The current state of acceptability and a proposal for guidelines on utilization in academic medicine. Journal of Pediatric Urology 2023;19(5):598 View
  146. Misra D, Chandwar K. ChatGPT, artificial intelligence and scientific writing: What authors, peer reviewers and editors should know. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2023;53(2):90 View
  147. Victor B, McNally K, Qi Z, Perron B. Construct-Irrelevant Variance on the ASWB Clinical Social Work Licensing Exam: A Replication of Prior Validity Concerns. Research on Social Work Practice 2023 View
  148. Shah P, Bogdanovich B, Patel P, Boyd C. Assessing the plastic surgery knowledge of three natural language processor artificial intelligence programs. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 2024;88:193 View
  149. Ventriglio A, Ricci F. ChatGPT use in teaching social psychiatry. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2023 View
  150. Wang X, Gong Z, Wang G, Jia J, Xu Y, Zhao J, Fan Q, Wu S, Hu W, Li X. ChatGPT Performs on the Chinese National Medical Licensing Examination. Journal of Medical Systems 2023;47(1) View
  151. Farhat F, Chaudhry B, Nadeem M, Sohail S, Madsen D. Evaluating AI Models for the National Pre-Medical Exam in India: A Head-to-Head Analysis of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard (Preprint). JMIR Medical Education 2023 View
  152. Choi W. Assessment of the capacity of ChatGPT as a self-learning tool in medical pharmacology: a study using MCQs. BMC Medical Education 2023;23(1) View
  153. Megahed F, Chen Y, Ferris J, Knoth S, Jones-Farmer L. How generative AI models such as ChatGPT can be (mis)used in SPC practice, education, and research? An exploratory study. Quality Engineering 2023:1 View
  154. Jin Y, Liu H, Zhao B, Pan W. ChatGPT and mycosis– a new weapon in the knowledge battlefield. BMC Infectious Diseases 2023;23(1) View
  155. Safranek C, Sidamon-Eristoff A, Gilson A, Chartash D. The Role of Large Language Models in Medical Education: Applications and Implications. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50945 View
  156. Cinar C. Analyzing the Performance of ChatGPT About Osteoporosis. Cureus 2023 View
  157. Taira K, Itaya T, Hanada A. Performance of the Large Language Model ChatGPT on the National Nurse Examinations in Japan: Evaluation Study. JMIR Nursing 2023;6:e47305 View
  158. Gao Z, Li L, Ma S, Wang Q, Hemphill L, Xu R. Examining the Potential of ChatGPT on Biomedical Information Retrieval: Fact-Checking Drug-Disease Associations. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2023 View
  159. Sangal R, Sharifi M, Rhodes D, Melnick E. Clinical Decision Support: Moving Beyond Interruptive “Pop-up” Alerts. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2023;98(9):1275 View
  160. Smales L. Classification of RBA Monetary Policy Announcements Using ChatGPT. SSRN Electronic Journal 2023 View
  161. Liu J, Liu F, Fang J, Liu S. The application of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer in nursing education. Nursing Outlook 2023;71(6):102064 View
  162. Pandya A. ChatGPT-Enabled daVinci Surgical Robot Prototype: Advancements and Limitations. Robotics 2023;12(4):97 View
  163. Shang L, Xue M, Hou Y, Tang B. Can ChatGPT pass China's national medical licensing examination?. Asian Journal of Surgery 2023 View
  164. Grassini S. Shaping the Future of Education: Exploring the Potential and Consequences of AI and ChatGPT in Educational Settings. Education Sciences 2023;13(7):692 View
  165. Flores-Cohaila J, García-Vicente A, Vizcarra-Jiménez S, De la Cruz-Galán J, Gutiérrez-Arratia J, Quiroga Torres B, Taype-Rondan A. Performance of ChatGPT on the Peruvian National Licensing Medical Examination: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48039 View
  166. Yeo Y, Samaan J, Ng W, Ting P, Trivedi H, Vipani A, Ayoub W, Yang J, Liran O, Spiegel B, Kuo A. Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions regarding cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2023;29(3):721 View
  167. Jeyaraman M, Ramasubramanian S, Balaji S, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Sharma S. ChatGPT in action: Harnessing artificial intelligence potential and addressing ethical challenges in medicine, education, and scientific research. World Journal of Methodology 2023;13(4):170 View
  168. Sun H, Zhang K, Lan W, Gu Q, Jiang G, Yang X, Qin W, Han D. An AI Dietitian for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management Based on Large Language and Image Recognition Models: Preclinical Concept Validation Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e51300 View
  169. Parikh P, Shah D, Parikh U, Venniyoor A, Babu G, Garg A, Malhotra H. ChatGPT—Preliminary Overview with Implications for Medicine and Oncology. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 2023;44(04):377 View
  170. Ishaaq N, Sohail S. Correspondence to investigating the impact of innovative AI chatbot on post‐pandemic medical education and clinical assistance: a comprehensive analysis. ANZ Journal of Surgery 2023 View
  171. Alshahrani J, Alshahrani A, Alshahrani A, Alshalaan A, Alhumam M, Alshahrani N. The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus Duration and Complications on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Khamis Mushit City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023 View
  172. Barrington N, Gupta N, Musmar B, Doyle D, Panico N, Godbole N, Reardon T, D’Amico R. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Rise of ChatGPT in Medical Research. Medical Sciences 2023;11(3):61 View
  173. Ghosh A, Maini Jindal N, Gupta V, Bansal E, Kaur Bajwa N, Sett A. Is ChatGPT’s Knowledge and Interpretative Ability Comparable to First Professional MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Students of India in Taking a Medical Biochemistry Examination?. Cureus 2023 View
  174. Abankwa D. Harnessing ChatGPT: Exploring its Possibilities and Perils in the Social Sciences. SSRN Electronic Journal 2023 View
  175. Yoshiyasu Y, Wu F, Dhanda A, Gorelik D, Takashima M, Ahmed O. GPT‐4 accuracy and completeness against International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2023 View
  176. Kao H, Chien T, Wang W, Chou W, Chow J. Assessing ChatGPT’s capacity for clinical decision support in pediatrics: A comparative study with pediatricians using KIDMAP of Rasch analysis. Medicine 2023;102(25):e34068 View
  177. Gabriel R, Mariano E, McAuley J, Wu C. How large language models can augment perioperative medicine: a daring discourse. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 2023;48(11):575 View
  178. Huang R, Lu K, Meaney C, Kemppainen J, Punnett A, Leung F. Assessment of Resident and AI Chatbot Performance on the University of Toronto Family Medicine Residency Progress Test: Comparative Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50514 View
  179. Kleinig O, Gao C, Bacchi S. This too shall pass: the performance of ChatGPT‐3.5, ChatGPT‐4 and New Bing in an Australian medical licensing examination. Medical Journal of Australia 2023;219(5):237 View
  180. Ayoub N, Lee Y, Grimm D, Divi V. Head‐to‐Head Comparison of ChatGPT Versus Google Search for Medical Knowledge Acquisition. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2023 View
  181. Ali O, Murray P, Momin M, Al-Anzi F. The knowledge and innovation challenges of ChatGPT: A scoping review. Technology in Society 2023;75:102402 View
  182. Weeks W, Taliesin B, Lavista J. Using Artificial Intelligence to Advance Public Health. International Journal of Public Health 2023;68 View
  183. Toyama Y, Harigai A, Abe M, Nagano M, Kawabata M, Seki Y, Takase K. Performance evaluation of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Bard on the official board examination of the Japan Radiology Society. Japanese Journal of Radiology 2023 View
  184. Aljindan F, Shawosh M, Altamimi L, Arif S, Mortada H. Utilization of ChatGPT-4 in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 2023;11(10):e5305 View
  185. Preiksaitis C, Rose C. Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48785 View
  186. Miao J, Thongprayoon C, Garcia Valencia O, Krisanapan P, Sheikh M, Davis P, Mekraksakit P, Suarez M, Craici I, Cheungpasitporn W. Performance of ChatGPT on Nephrology Test Questions. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2023 View
  187. Khorshidi H, Mohammadi A, Yousem D, Abolghasemi J, Ansari G, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Acharya U, Abbasian Ardakani A. Application of ChatGPT in multilingual medical education: How does ChatGPT fare in 2023's Iranian residency entrance examination. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2023;41:101314 View
  188. Lyons R, Arepalli S, Fromal O, Choi J, Jain N. Artificial intelligence chatbot performance in triage of ophthalmic conditions. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 2023 View
  189. Zhang H, Guan Y, Chen J, Tong W. Commentary: AI-based online chat and the future of oncology care: a promising technology or a solution in search of a problem?. Frontiers in Oncology 2023;13 View
  190. Morjaria L, Burns L, Bracken K, Ngo Q, Lee M, Levinson A, Smith J, Thompson P, Sibbald M. Examining the Threat of ChatGPT to the Validity of Short Answer Assessments in an Undergraduate Medical Program. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 2023;10 View
  191. Enache R. Will ChatGPT replace human medical writers?. Romanian Journal of Rhinology 2023;13(51):90 View
  192. Botchu R, Iyengar K. Will ChatGPT Drive Radiology in the Future?. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2023;33(04):436 View
  193. Handa P, Chhabra D, Goel N, Krishnan S. Exploring the role of ChatGPT in medical image analysis. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 2023;86:105292 View
  194. Wang J. Is the laboratory report dead? AI and ChatGPT. Microbiology Australia 2023;44(3):144 View
  195. Yang R, Tan T, Lu W, Thirunavukarasu A, Ting D, Liu N. Large language models in health care: Development, applications, and challenges. Health Care Science 2023;2(4):255 View
  196. Barallat J, Gómez-Gómez C, Sancho-Cerro A. Let’s Face It: Chatbots Are Here to Stay. The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 2023;8(5):1006 View
  197. Milgrim F. Artificial Intelligence’s Leap Into Emergency Medicine: The Promise and Pitfalls of ChatGPT. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2023;82(4):A13 View
  198. Huang H, Zheng O, Wang D, Yin J, Wang Z, Ding S, Yin H, Xu C, Yang R, Zheng Q, Shi B. ChatGPT for shaping the future of dentistry: the potential of multi-modal large language model. International Journal of Oral Science 2023;15(1) View
  199. Suárez A, Díaz‐Flores García V, Algar J, Gómez Sánchez M, Llorente de Pedro M, Freire Y. Unveiling the ChatGPT phenomenon: Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of endodontic question answers. International Endodontic Journal 2023 View
  200. Mannam S, Subtirelu R, Chauhan D, Ahmad H, Matache I, Bryan K, Chitta S, Bathula S, Turlip R, Wathen C, Ghenbot Y, Ajmera S, Blue R, Chen H, Ali Z, Malhotra N, Srinivasan V, Ozturk A, Yoon J. Large Language Model-Based Neurosurgical Evaluation Matrix: A Novel Scoring Criteria to Assess the Efficacy of ChatGPT as an Educational Tool for Neurosurgery Board Preparation. World Neurosurgery 2023 View
  201. Plevris V, Papazafeiropoulos G, Jiménez Rios A. Chatbots Put to the Test in Math and Logic Problems: A Comparison and Assessment of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Bard. AI 2023;4(4):949 View
  202. Agarwal M, Goswami A, Sharma P. Evaluating ChatGPT-3.5 and Claude-2 in Answering and Explaining Conceptual Medical Physiology Multiple-Choice Questions. Cureus 2023 View
  203. Qu R, Qureshi U, Petersen G, Lee S. Diagnostic and Management Applications of ChatGPT in Structured Otolaryngology Clinical Scenarios. OTO Open 2023;7(3) View
  204. Sallam M, Salim N, Barakat M, Al-Mahzoum K, Al-Tammemi A, Malaeb D, Hallit R, Hallit S. Assessing Health Students' Attitudes and Usage of ChatGPT in Jordan: Validation Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48254 View
  205. Heston T, Khun C. Prompt Engineering in Medical Education. International Medical Education 2023;2(3):198 View
  206. Pendergrast T, Chalmers Z. Anki Tagger: A Generative AI Tool for Aligning Third-Party Resources to Preclinical Curriculum. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48780 View
  207. Haze T, Kawano R, Takase H, Suzuki S, Hirawa N, Tamura K. Influence on the accuracy in ChatGPT: Differences in the amount of information per medical field. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2023;180:105283 View
  208. Nguyen B, Sonnenfeld N, Finkelstein L, Alonso A, Gomez C, Duruaku F, Jentsch F. Using AI Tools to Develop Training Materials for Aviation: Ethical, Technical, and Practical Concerns. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 2023 View
  209. Chow J, Cheng T, Chien T, Chou W. Assessing ChatGPT's Capability for Multiple Choice Questions Using RaschOnline: A Study on English Tests for Taiwan College Entrance Examinations 2023 (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2023 View
  210. Komorowski M, del Pilar Arias López M, Chang A. How could ChatGPT impact my practice as an intensivist? An overview of potential applications, risks and limitations. Intensive Care Medicine 2023;49(7):844 View
  211. Ayre J, Mac O, McCaffery K, McKay B, Liu M, Shi Y, Rezwan A, Dunn A. New Frontiers in Health Literacy: Using ChatGPT to Simplify Health Information for People in the Community. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2023 View
  212. Luo Y, Hu N. Can ChatGPT be a new educational tool in medicine?. Medicina Clínica 2023;161(8):363 View
  213. Cakir H, Caglar U, Yildiz O, Meric A, Ayranci A, Ozgor F. Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions related to urolithiasis. International Urology and Nephrology 2023 View
  214. Ong J, Hariprasad S, Chhablani J. ChatGPT and GPT-4 in Ophthalmology: Applications of Large Language Model Artificial Intelligence in Retina. Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 2023;54(10):557 View
  215. Cohen F, Vallimont J, Gelfand A. Caution regarding fabricated citations from artificial intelligence. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 2023 View
  216. Gilson A, Safranek C, Huang T, Socrates V, Chi L, Taylor R, Chartash D. Authors’ Reply to: Variability in Large Language Models’ Responses to Medical Licensing and Certification Examinations. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50336 View
  217. Humar P, Asaad M, Bengur F, Nguyen V. ChatGPT Is Equivalent to First-Year Plastic Surgery Residents: Evaluation of ChatGPT on the Plastic Surgery In-Service Examination. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 2023;43(12):NP1085 View
  218. Luo Y, Hu N. Can ChatGPT be a new educational tool in medicine?. Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 2023;161(8):363 View
  219. Caglar U, Yildiz O, Meric A, Ayranci A, Gelmis M, Sarilar O, Ozgor F. Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions related to pediatric urology. Journal of Pediatric Urology 2023 View
  220. Spennemann D. Children of AI: A Protocol for Managing the Born-Digital Ephemera Spawned by Generative AI Language Models. Publications 2023;11(3):45 View
  221. Heston T, Khun C. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ChatGPT in Medical Education. SSRN Electronic Journal 2023 View
  222. Peters M, Jackson L, Papastephanou M, Jandrić P, Lazaroiu G, Evers C, Cope B, Kalantzis M, Araya D, Tesar M, Mika C, Chen L, Wang C, Sturm S, Rider S, Fuller S. AI and the future of humanity: ChatGPT-4, philosophy and education – Critical responses. Educational Philosophy and Theory 2023:1 View
  223. Clusmann J, Kolbinger F, Muti H, Carrero Z, Eckardt J, Laleh N, Löffler C, Schwarzkopf S, Unger M, Veldhuizen G, Wagner S, Kather J. The future landscape of large language models in medicine. Communications Medicine 2023;3(1) View
  224. Afjal M. ChatGPT and the AI revolution: a comprehensive investigation of its multidimensional impact and potential. Library Hi Tech 2023 View
  225. Revercomb L, Patel A, Choudhry H, Filimonov A. Performance of ChatGPT in Otolaryngology knowledge assessment. American Journal of Otolaryngology 2024;45(1):104082 View
  226. Yu P, Xu H, Hu X, Deng C. Leveraging Generative AI and Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Roadmap for Healthcare Integration. Healthcare 2023;11(20):2776 View
  227. Thirunavukarasu A, Ting D, Elangovan K, Gutierrez L, Tan T, Ting D. Large language models in medicine. Nature Medicine 2023;29(8):1930 View
  228. Matin R, Linos E, Rajan N. Leveraging large language models in dermatology. British Journal of Dermatology 2023;189(3):253 View
  229. Rahimzadeh V, Kostick-Quenet K, Blumenthal Barby J, McGuire A. Ethics Education for Healthcare Professionals in the Era of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models: Do We Still Need It?. The American Journal of Bioethics 2023;23(10):17 View
  230. Surapaneni K. Assessing the Performance of ChatGPT in Medical Biochemistry Using Clinical Case Vignettes: Observational Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e47191 View
  231. Suchman K, Garg S, Trindade A. Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer Fails the Multiple-Choice American College of Gastroenterology Self-Assessment Test. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;Publish Ahead of Print View
  232. Sathe A, Seth I, Bulloch G, Xie Y, Hunter‐Smith D, Rozen W. The role of artificial intelligence language models in dermatology: Opportunities, limitations and ethical considerations. Australasian Journal of Dermatology 2023;64(4):548 View
  233. Kumah-Crystal Y, Mankowitz S, Embi P, Lehmann C. ChatGPT and the clinical informatics board examination: the end of unproctored maintenance of certification?. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2023;30(9):1558 View
  234. Long-hao W, Ding-jie L, Xing-sen L. The method of constructing basic-element base using large language model- Take the issue of rice waste. Procedia Computer Science 2023;221:1493 View
  235. Hsu H, Hsu K, Hou S, Wu C, Hsieh Y, Cheng Y. Examining Real-World Medication Consultations and Drug-Herb Interactions: ChatGPT Performance Evaluation. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48433 View
  236. Draschl A, Hauer G, Fischerauer S, Kogler A, Leitner L, Andreou D, Leithner A, Sadoghi P. Are ChatGPT’s Free-Text Responses on Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Hip and Knee Reliable and Useful?. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2023;12(20):6655 View
  237. Gödde D, Nöhl S, Wolf C, Rupert Y, Rimkus L, Ehlers J, Breuckmann F, Sellmann T. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Analysis of ChatGPT in the Medical Literature: Concise Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e49368 View
  238. Allahqoli L, Ghiasvand M, Mazidimoradi A, Salehiniya H, Alkatout I. Diagnostic and Management Performance of ChatGPT in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 2023;88(5):310 View
  239. Hasnain M, Ullah S. Learning and programming challenges of React.js open-source framework. Library Hi Tech News 2023 View
  240. Shoufan A. Can students without prior knowledge use ChatGPT to answer test questions? An empirical study. ACM Transactions on Computing Education 2023 View
  241. Moskatel L, Zhang N. The utility of ChatGPT in the assessment of literature on the prevention of migraine: an observational, qualitative study. Frontiers in Neurology 2023;14 View
  242. Alawida M, Mejri S, Mehmood A, Chikhaoui B, Isaac Abiodun O. A Comprehensive Study of ChatGPT: Advancements, Limitations, and Ethical Considerations in Natural Language Processing and Cybersecurity. Information 2023;14(8):462 View
  243. Chen T, Multala E, Kearns P, Delashaw J, Dumont A, Maraganore D, Wang A. Assessment of ChatGPT’s performance on neurology written board examination questions. BMJ Neurology Open 2023;5(2):e000530 View
  244. Mago J, Sharma M. The Potential Usefulness of ChatGPT in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Cureus 2023 View
  245. Hsiao Y, Klijn N, Chiu M. Developing a framework to re-design writing assignment assessment for the era of Large Language Models. Learning: Research and Practice 2023;9(2):148 View
  246. AlBadarin Y, Tukiainen M, Saqr M, Pope N. A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on ChatGPT in Education. SSRN Electronic Journal 2023 View
  247. Ruiz-Talavera D, Cruz-Aguero J, García-Palomino N, Calderón-Espinoza R, Marín-Rodriguez W. Artificial intelligence and its impact on job opportunities among university students in North Lima, 2023. ICST Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 2023;10(5) View
  248. Rojas-Carabali W, Cifuentes-González C, Wei X, Putera I, Sen A, Thng Z, Agrawal R, Elze T, Sobrin L, Kempen J, Lee B, Biswas J, Nguyen Q, Gupta V, de-la-Torre A, Agrawal R. Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy and Management Recommendations of ChatGPT in Uveitis. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 2023:1 View
  249. Semrl N, Feigl S, Taumberger N, Bracic T, Fluhr H, Blockeel C, Kollmann M. AI language models in human reproduction research: exploring ChatGPT’s potential to assist academic writing. Human Reproduction 2023 View
  250. Odabashian R, Bastin D, Manzoor M, Tangestaniapour S, Assad M, Lakhani S, Jones G, Odabashian M, McGee S. ChatGPT becomes an Oncologist: the performance of Artificial Intelligence in the American Society of Clinical Oncology Evaluation Program (Preprint). JMIR AI 2023 View
  251. Wei Q, Wang Y, Yao Z, Cui Y, Wei B, Li T, Xu X. Evaluation of ChatGPT's performance in providing treatment recommendations for pediatric diseases. Pediatric Discovery 2023 View
  252. Peacock J, Austin A, Shapiro M, Battista A, Samuel A. Accelerating medical education with ChatGPT: an implementation guide. MedEdPublish 2023;13:64 View
  253. Chen J, Cadiente A, Kasselman L, Pilkington B. Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in bioethics: a large language model’s moral compass in medicine. Journal of Medical Ethics 2023:jme-2023-109366 View
  254. Sanaei M, Ravari M, Abolghasemi H. ChatGPT in medicine: Opportunity and challenges. Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2023;15(3):60 View
  255. Bushuven S, Bentele M, Bentele S, Gerber B, Bansbach J, Ganter J, Trifunovic-Koenig M, Ranisch R. “ChatGPT, Can You Help Me Save My Child’s Life?” - Diagnostic Accuracy and Supportive Capabilities to Lay Rescuers by ChatGPT in Prehospital Basic Life Support and Paediatric Advanced Life Support Cases – An In-silico Analysis. Journal of Medical Systems 2023;47(1) View
  256. Guillen-Grima F, Guillen-Aguinaga S, Guillen-Aguinaga L, Alas-Brun R, Onambele L, Ortega W, Montejo R, Aguinaga-Ontoso E, Barach P, Aguinaga-Ontoso I. Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Navigating the Spanish Medical Residency Entrance Examination (MIR): Promising Horizons for AI in Clinical Medicine. Clinics and Practice 2023;13(6):1460 View
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Books/Policy Documents

  1. Lin S, Chung H, Chung F, Lan Y. Innovative Technologies and Learning. View
  2. Guan C, Ding D, Gupta P, Hung Y, Jiang Z. Exploring Cyber Criminals and Data Privacy Measures. View
  3. Maney K. Creative AI Tools and Ethical Implications in Teaching and Learning. View
  4. Twinomurinzi H, Gumbo S. South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. View
  5. Wang T. Smart Learning for A Sustainable Society. View
  6. Li L. Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2023 [Working Title]. View
  7. . Artificial Intelligence Applications Using ChatGPT in Education. View
  8. . Artificial Intelligence Applications Using ChatGPT in Education. View
  9. . Artificial Intelligence Applications Using ChatGPT in Education. View
  10. Yin M, Han B, Ryu S, Hua M. HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers. View