Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Scoping Review

Journals

1. Hess B, Cupido N, Ross S, Kvern B. Becoming adaptive experts in an era of rapid advances in generative artificial intelligence. Medical Teacher 2024;46(3):300 View
2. Knopp M, Warm E, Weber D, Kelleher M, Kinnear B, Schumacher D, Santen S, Mendonça E, Turner L. AI-Enabled Medical Education: Threads of Change, Promising Futures, and Risky Realities Across Four Potential Future Worlds. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50373 View
3. Semeraro F, Gamberini L, Carmona F, Monsieurs K. Clinical questions on advanced life support answered by artificial intelligence. A comparison between ChatGPT, Google Bard and Microsoft Copilot. Resuscitation 2024;195:110114 View
4. Masters K, Benjamin J, Agrawal A, MacNeill H, Pillow M, Mehta N. Twelve tips on creating and using custom GPTs to enhance health professions education. Medical Teacher 2024;46(6):752 View
5. Sievert M, Aubreville M, Mueller S, Eckstein M, Breininger K, Iro H, Goncalves M. Diagnosis of malignancy in oropharyngeal confocal laser endomicroscopy using GPT 4.0 with vision. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2024;281(4):2115 View
6. Lee H, Park S. Information amount, accuracy, and relevance of generative artificial intelligence platforms’ answers regarding learning objectives of medical arthropodology evaluated in English and Korean queries in December 2023: a descriptive study. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 2023;20:39 View
7. Kumar A, Burr P, Young T. Using AI Text-to-Image Generation to Create Novel Illustrations for Medical Education: Current Limitations as Illustrated by Hypothyroidism and Horner Syndrome. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e52155 View
8. Dash S, Bhoi C. Exploring the Intersection of Education and Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science 2024;2(02):601 View
9. Goyanes M, Lopezosa C. ChatGPT en Ciencias Sociales: revisión de la literatura sobre el uso de inteligencia artificial (IA) de OpenAI en investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. Anuario ThinkEPI 2024;18 View
10. Encarnação R, Manuel T, Palheira H, Neves-Amado J, Alves P. Artificial Intelligence in Wound Care Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review. Nursing Reports 2024;14(1):627 View
11. Xu X, Chen Y, Miao J. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions of large language models, including ChatGPT in medical education: a systematic scoping review. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 2024;21:6 View
12. Preiksaitis C, Ashenburg N, Bunney G, Chu A, Kabeer R, Riley F, Ribeira R, Rose C. The Role of Large Language Models in Transforming Emergency Medicine: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e53787 View
13. Schaye V, Triola M. The generative artificial intelligence revolution: How hospitalists can lead the transformation of medical education. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2024;19(12):1181 View
14. Moulaei K, Yadegari A, Baharestani M, Farzanbakhsh S, Sabet B, Reza Afrash M. Generative artificial intelligence in healthcare: A scoping review on benefits, challenges and applications. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2024;188:105474 View
15. Skryd A, Lawrence K. ChatGPT as a Tool for Medical Education and Clinical Decision-Making on the Wards: Case Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e51346 View
16. Naqvi W, Shaikh S, Mishra G. Large language models in physical therapy: time to adapt and adept. Frontiers in Public Health 2024;12 View
17. Zhang J, Yang P, Zeng L, Li S, Zhou J. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prediction Models Based on AI: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e57026 View
18. Temsah M, Alhuzaimi A, Almansour M, Aljamaan F, Alhasan K, Batarfi M, Altamimi I, Alharbi A, Alsuhaibani A, Alwakeel L, Alzahrani A, Alsulaim K, Jamal A, Khayat A, Alghamdi M, Halwani R, Khan M, Al-Eyadhy A, Nazer R. Art or Artifact: Evaluating the Accuracy, Appeal, and Educational Value of AI-Generated Imagery in DALL·E 3 for Illustrating Congenital Heart Diseases. Journal of Medical Systems 2024;48(1) View
19. Pang S, Nol E, Heng K. ChatGPT-4o for English language teaching and learning: Features, applications, and future prospects. SSRN Electronic Journal 2024 View
20. Haddud A. ChatGPT in supply chains: exploring potential applications, benefits and challenges. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 2024;35(7):1293 View
21. Flitcroft M, Sheriff S, Wolfrath N, Maddula R, McConnell L, Xing Y, Haines K, Wong S, Kothari A. Performance of Artificial Intelligence Content Detectors Using Human and Artificial Intelligence-Generated Scientific Writing. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2024;31(10):6387 View
22. Li J, Zong H, Wu E, Wu R, Peng Z, Zhao J, Yang L, Xie H, Shen B. Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance the writing of english academic papers by non-native english-speaking medical students - the educational application of ChatGPT. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
23. Desouky E, Jallad S, Bhardwa J, Sharma H, Kalsi J. ChatGPT sitting for FRCS Urology examination: Will artificial intelligence get certified?. Journal of Clinical Urology 2024 View
24. Almansour M, Alfhaid F. Generative artificial intelligence and the personalization of health professional education: A narrative review. Medicine 2024;103(31):e38955 View
25. Hill S, Carranco S, LugoMorales A, Rayburn W. Obstetrician-Gynecologist Hospitalists as Educators. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 2024;51(3):503 View
26. Aljamaan F, Temsah M, Altamimi I, Al-Eyadhy A, Jamal A, Alhasan K, Mesallam T, Farahat M, Malki K. Reference Hallucination Score for Medical Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e54345 View
27. Annapureddy R, Fornaroli A, Gatica-Perez D. Generative AI Literacy: Twelve Defining Competencies. Digital Government: Research and Practice 2024 View
28. Shapiro J, Baum S, Pavlotzky F, Mordehai Y, Barzilai A, Freud T, Gershon R. Application of a natural language processing artificial intelligence tool in psoriasis: A cross-sectional comparative study on identifying affected areas in patients’ data. Clinics in Dermatology 2024;42(5):480 View
29. Lin A, Zhu L, Mou W, Yuan Z, Cheng Q, Jiang A, Luo P. Advancing generative AI in medicine: recommendations for standardized evaluation. International Journal of Surgery 2024 View
30. Teo Z, Quek C, Wong J, Ting D. Cybersecurity in the generative artificial intelligence era. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology 2024;13(4):100091 View
31. Gupta R, Hamid A, Jhaveri M, Patel N, Suthar P. Comparative Evaluation of AI Models Such as ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, and Google Gemini in Neuroradiology Diagnostics. Cureus 2024 View
32. Honig C, Desu A, Franklin J. GenAI in the classroom: Customized GPT roleplay for process safety education. Education for Chemical Engineers 2024;49:55 View
33. Mirzaei T, Amini L, Esmaeilzadeh P. Clinician voices on ethics of LLM integration in healthcare: a thematic analysis of ethical concerns and implications. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2024;24(1) View
34. Dwivedi R, Elluri L. Exploring Generative Artificial Intelligence Research: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach. IEEE Access 2024;12:119884 View
35. Bahir D, Zur O, Attal L, Nujeidat Z, Knaanie A, Pikkel J, Mimouni M, Plopsky G. Gemini AI vs. ChatGPT: A comprehensive examination alongside ophthalmology residents in medical knowledge. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2024 View
36. Hersh W, Fultz Hollis K. Results and implications for generative AI in a large introductory biomedical and health informatics course. npj Digital Medicine 2024;7(1) View
37. Meylani R. Artificial Intelligence in the Education of Teachers: A Qualitative Synthesis of the Cutting-Edge Research Literature. Journal of Computer and Education Research 2024;12(24):600 View
38. Sallam M, Al-Mahzoum K, Almutairi Y, Alaqeel O, Abu Salami A, Almutairi Z, Alsarraf A, Barakat M. Anxiety among Medical Students Regarding Generative Artificial Intelligence Models: A Pilot Descriptive Study. International Medical Education 2024;3(4):406 View
39. Morreale M, Balon R, Beresin E, Seritan A, Castillo E, Thomas L, Louie A, Aggarwal R, Guerrero A, Coverdale J, Brenner A. Artificial Intelligence and Medical Education, Academic Writing, and Journal Policies: A Focus on Large Language Models. Academic Psychiatry 2024 View
40. Torre D, Schuwirth L. Programmatic assessment for learning: A programmatically designed assessment for the purpose of learning: AMEE Guide No. 174. Medical Teacher 2024:1 View
41. Alfirević N, Rendulić D, Fošner M, Fošner A. Educational Roles and Scenarios for Large Language Models: An Ethnographic Research Study of Artificial Intelligence. Informatics 2024;11(4):78 View
42. Seo W, Kim M. Utilization of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education: A Topic Modeling Analysis. Education Sciences 2024;14(11):1234 View
43. Aster A, Laupichler M, Rockwell-Kollmann T, Masala G, Bala E, Raupach T. ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models in Medical Education — Scoping Literature Review. Medical Science Educator 2024 View
44. Onoue T, Asada Y, Imafuku R, Kou S, Takami H, Takahashi Y, Nomura O, Saiki T. Developing competencies relating to information science and technology in Japanese undergraduate medical education. Medical Teacher 2024;46(sup1) View
45. Hong Y, Song C, Jiang Z, Zhang W. Mapping the Landscape of Medical Humanities Education: Trends and Insights. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2024 View
46. Xiao J, Xu Z, Xiao A, Wang X, Skare M. Overcoming barriers and seizing opportunities in the innovative adoption of next-generation digital technologies. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge 2024;9(4):100622 View
47. Cheng H. Application of ChatGPT to Geriatric Practice and Education -An Exploratory Study on ChatGPT’s Geriatric Attitude, Knowledge, and Clinical Application (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2024 View
48. Blaß M, Gimpel H, Karnebogen P. A Taxonomy and Archetypes of AI-Based Health Care Services: Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e53986 View
49. Baig M, Hobson C, GholamHosseini H, Ullah E, Afifi S. Generative AI in Improving Personalized Patient Care Plans: Opportunities and Barriers Towards Its Wider Adoption. Applied Sciences 2024;14(23):10899 View
50. Gunesli I, Aksun S, Fathelbab J, Yildiz B. Comparative evaluation of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5 and Google Gemini on PCOS assessment and management based on recommendations from the 2023 guideline. Endocrine 2024 View
51. Alonso Sousa S, Flay K. A Survey of Veterinary Student Perceptions on Integrating ChatGPT in Veterinary Education Through AI-Driven Exercises. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 2024 View
52. Safadi M, Zayegh O, Hawoot Z. Advancing Innovation in Medical Presentations: A Guide for Medical Educators to Use Images Generated With Artificial Intelligence. Cureus 2024 View
53. Eisinger F, Holderried F, Mahling M, Stegemann–Philipps C, Herrmann–Werner A, Nazarenus E, Sonanini A, Guthoff M, Eickhoff C, Holderried M. What's Going On with Me and How Can I Better Manage My Health? The Potential of GPT-4 to Transform Discharge Letters into Patient-Centered Letters to Enhance Patient Safety: A Prospective, Exploratory Study (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024 View
54. Ebnali Harari R, Altaweel A, Ahram T, Keehner M, Shokoohi H. A randomized controlled trial on evaluating clinician-supervised generative AI for decision support. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2025;195:105701 View
55. Birks S, Gray J, Darling-Pomranz C. Using artificial intelligence to provide a ‘flipped assessment’ approach to medical education learning opportunities. Medical Teacher 2024:1 View
56. Veras M, Dyer J, Shannon H, Bogie B, Ronney M, Sekhon H, Rutherford D, Silva P, Kairy D. A mixed methods crossover randomized controlled trial exploring the experiences, perceptions, and usability of artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) in health sciences education. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
57. Al Shahrani A, Alhumaidan N, AlHindawi Z, Althobaiti A, Aloufi K, Almughamisi R, Aldalbahi A. Readiness to Embrace Artificial Intelligence Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: A National Survey. Healthcare 2024;12(24):2504 View
58. Hasan S, Fury M, Woo J, Kunze K, Ramkumar P. Ethical Application of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2024 View
59. Giavina Bianchi M, D’adario A, Giavina Bianchi P, Machado B, Agondi R, Almeida S, Alves Junior W, Armelin L, Vivolo Aun M, Bordignon N, Boufleur K, Brunheroto F, Callegaro E, Castro P, Chong-Neto H, Dall’Osto M, Abou Dias J, Ferreira V, Oliveira Feodrippe A, Fonseca L, Garcia C, Giavina-Bianchi B, Goudouris E, Gonçalves D, Hernandes D, Imad M, Izabel L, Cauê Jacintho L, Khouri-Panzarin C, Kuschnir F, Pádua Lima M, Lopes A, Macêdo Nóbrega Lopes L, Rocha de Magalhães A, Mansour E, Marinho A, Martimiano V, Milori P, Marcondes Mutarelli A, Gonçalves Nogueira G, Oguido B, Alarcon de Oliveira B, Costa de Oliveira E, Padulla G, D’Ordaz Lhano Santos L, Meneses Santos M, Sarinho E, Schoen M, Sousa B, Magalhães de Souza-Lima E, Todt B, Braz da Silva Vaz N. Three versions of an atopic dermatitis case report written by humans, artificial intelligence, or both: Identification of authorship and preferences. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global 2025;4(1):100373 View

Books/Policy Documents

1. Gökoğlu S. Transforming Education With Generative AI. View
2. Chaudhry M, Goswami N. Integrating Generative AI in Education to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals. View
3. Chen M, Hsu T, Hsu T. Innovative Technologies and Learning. View
4. Kumari R, Singh R. Examining the Metaverse in Healthcare. View
5. Yadav S. Cutting-Edge Technologies for Business Sectors. View
6. Li B, Weng Y, Song Q, Liang L, Min X, Zhou S. Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing. View
7. Jiang N, Hasanzadeh S, Duffy V. HCI International 2024 – Late Breaking Papers. View
8. Türker P, Öztürk M. Next-Generation AI Methodologies in Education. View