Published on in Vol 9 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/48291, first published .
Large Language Models in Medical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Large Language Models in Medical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Large Language Models in Medical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Journals

  1. Dhanvijay A, Pinjar M, Dhokane N, Sorte S, Kumari A, Mondal H. Performance of Large Language Models (ChatGPT, Bing Search, and Google Bard) in Solving Case Vignettes in Physiology. Cureus 2023 View
  2. Mannstadt I, Mehta B. Large language models and the future of rheumatology: assessing impact and emerging opportunities. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2024;36(1):46 View
  3. Scholz O, Krüger N, Betzold E, Bader J, Thul N, Papan C. Antimicrobial stewardship in medical education in Germany: a brief survey and a students’ and educator’s call for change. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 2023;3(1) View
  4. Jowsey T, Stokes-Parish J, Singleton R, Todorovic M. Medical education empowered by generative artificial intelligence large language models. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2023;29(12):971 View
  5. Leung T, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Mavragani A, Eysenbach G. Best Practices for Using AI Tools as an Author, Peer Reviewer, or Editor. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e51584 View
  6. Lee H. Using ChatGPT as a Learning Tool in Acupuncture Education: Comparative Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e47427 View
  7. Baglivo F, De Angelis L, Casigliani V, Arzilli G, Privitera G, Rizzo C. Exploring the Possible Use of AI Chatbots in Public Health Education: Feasibility Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e51421 View
  8. Suárez A, Díaz‐Flores García V, Algar J, Gómez Sánchez M, Llorente de Pedro M, Freire Y. Unveiling the ChatGPT phenomenon: Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of endodontic question answers. International Endodontic Journal 2024;57(1):108 View
  9. Preiksaitis C, Rose C. Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48785 View
  10. Nashwan A, Jaradat J. Streamlining Systematic Reviews: Harnessing Large Language Models for Quality Assessment and Risk-of-Bias Evaluation. Cureus 2023 View
  11. Heston T, Khun C. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ChatGPT in Medical Education. SSRN Electronic Journal 2023 View
  12. Biri S, Kumar S, Panigrahi M, Mondal S, Behera J, Mondal H. Assessing the Utilization of Large Language Models in Medical Education: Insights From Undergraduate Medical Students. Cureus 2023 View
  13. Farhat F, Chaudhry B, Nadeem M, Sohail S, Madsen D. Evaluating Large Language Models for the National Premedical Exam in India: Comparative Analysis of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51523 View
  14. Magalhães Araujo S, Cruz-Correia R. Incorporating ChatGPT in Medical Informatics Education: Mixed Methods Study on Student Perceptions and Experiential Integration Proposals. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51151 View
  15. Choi W. Assessment of the capacity of ChatGPT as a self-learning tool in medical pharmacology: a study using MCQs. BMC Medical Education 2023;23(1) View
  16. Ahn S. A use case of ChatGPT in a flipped medical terminology course. Korean Journal of Medical Education 2023;35(3):303 View
  17. Shimizu I, Kasai H, Shikino K, Araki N, Takahashi Z, Onodera M, Kimura Y, Tsukamoto T, Yamauchi K, Asahina M, Ito S, Kawakami E. Developing Medical Education Curriculum Reform Strategies to Address the Impact of Generative AI: Qualitative Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e53466 View
  18. Suárez A, Jiménez J, Llorente de Pedro M, Andreu-Vázquez C, Díaz-Flores García V, Gómez Sánchez M, Freire Y. Beyond the Scalpel: Assessing ChatGPT's potential as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant in oral surgery. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2024;24:46 View
  19. Jacobs S, Lundy N, Issenberg S, Chandran L. Reimagining Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Undergraduate Medical Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50903 View
  20. Jang D, Yun T, Lee C, Kwon Y, Kim C, Nakayama L. GPT-4 can pass the Korean National Licensing Examination for Korean Medicine Doctors. PLOS Digital Health 2023;2(12):e0000416 View
  21. Knopp M, Warm E, Weber D, Kelleher M, Kinnear B, Schumacher D, Santen S, Mendonça E, Turner L. AI-Enabled Medical Education: Threads of Change, Promising Futures, and Risky Realities Across Four Potential Future Worlds. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50373 View
  22. Tangadulrat P, Sono S, Tangtrakulwanich B. Using ChatGPT for Clinical Practice and Medical Education: Cross-Sectional Survey of Medical Students’ and Physicians’ Perceptions. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50658 View
  23. Selman-Álvarez R, Figueroa-Fernández Ú, Cruz-Mackenna E, Jarry C, Escalona G, Corvetto M, Varas-Cohen J. Inteligencia artificial en simulación médica: estado actual y proyecciones futuras. Revista Latinoamericana de Simulación Clínica 2023;5(3):117 View
  24. Sardesai N, Russo P, Martin J, Sardesai A. Utilizing generative conversational artificial intelligence to create simulated patient encounters: a pilot study for anaesthesia training. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2024;100(1182):237 View
  25. Morjaria L, Burns L, Bracken K, Levinson A, Ngo Q, Lee M, Sibbald M. Examining the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Marking Short-Answer Assessments in an Undergraduate Medical Program. International Medical Education 2024;3(1):32 View
  26. George Pallivathukal R, Kyaw Soe H, Donald P, Samson R, Hj Ismail A. ChatGPT for Academic Purposes: Survey Among Undergraduate Healthcare Students in Malaysia. Cureus 2024 View
  27. Liu J, Wang C, Liu Z, Gao M, Xu Y, Chen J, Cheng Y. A bibliometric analysis of generative AI in education: current status and development. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 2024;44(1):156 View
  28. Seth I, Lim B, Cevik J, Sofiadellis F, Ross R, Cuomo R, Rozen W. Utilizing GPT-4 and generative artificial intelligence platforms for surgical education: an experimental study on skin ulcers. European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2024;47(1) View
  29. Shorey S, Mattar C, Pereira T, Choolani M. A scoping review of ChatGPT's role in healthcare education and research. Nurse Education Today 2024;135:106121 View
  30. Thaker N, Redjal N, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Penberthy D, Showalter T, Choudhri A, Williamson S, Thaker G, Shah C, Ward M, Thaker M, Arcaro M. Large Language Models Encode Radiation Oncology Domain Knowledge: Performance on the American College of Radiology Standardized Examination. AI in Precision Oncology 2024;1(1):43 View
  31. Shah A, Wahood S, Guermazi D, Brem C, Saliba E. Skin and Syntax: Large Language Models in Dermatopathology. Dermatopathology 2024;11(1):101 View
  32. Zong H, Li J, Wu E, Wu R, Lu J, Shen B. Performance of ChatGPT on Chinese national medical licensing examinations: a five-year examination evaluation study for physicians, pharmacists and nurses. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  33. Kapsali M, Livanis E, Tsalikidis C, Oikonomou P, Voultsos P, Tsaroucha A. Ethical Concerns About ChatGPT in Healthcare: A Useful Tool or the Tombstone of Original and Reflective Thinking?. Cureus 2024 View
  34. Gordon M, Daniel M, Ajiboye A, Uraiby H, Xu N, Bartlett R, Hanson J, Haas M, Spadafore M, Grafton-Clarke C, Gasiea R, Michie C, Corral J, Kwan B, Dolmans D, Thammasitboon S. A scoping review of artificial intelligence in medical education: BEME Guide No. 84. Medical Teacher 2024;46(4):446 View
  35. Huber S, Kiili K, Nebel S, Ryan R, Sailer M, Ninaus M. Leveraging the Potential of Large Language Models in Education Through Playful and Game-Based Learning. Educational Psychology Review 2024;36(1) View
  36. Elsheikh A. Enhancing the Efficacy of Assistive Technologies through Localization: A Comprehensive Analysis with a Focus on the Arab Region. Nafath 2024;7(24) View
  37. Chow J, Wong V, Li K. Generative Pre-Trained Transformer-Empowered Healthcare Conversations: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions in Large Language Model-Enabled Medical Chatbots. BioMedInformatics 2024;4(1):837 View
  38. Fostier J, Leemans E, Meeussen L, Wulleman A, Van Doren S, De Coninck D, Toelen J. Dialogues with AI: Comparing ChatGPT, Bard, and Human Participants’ Responses in In-Depth Interviews on Adolescent Health Care. Future 2024;2(1):30 View
  39. Lawson McLean A, Wu Y, Lawson McLean A, Hristidis V. Large language models as decision aids in neuro-oncology: a review of shared decision-making applications. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 2024;150(3) View
  40. Han Z, Battaglia F, Terlecky S. Transforming challenges into opportunities: Leveraging ChatGPT's limitations for active learning and prompt engineering skill. The Innovation Medicine 2024;2(2):100065 View
  41. Raitskaya L, Lambovska M. Prospects for ChatGPT Application in Higher Education: A Scoping Review of International Research. Integration of Education 2024;28(1):10 View
  42. Skryd A, Lawrence K. ChatGPT as a Tool for Medical Education and Clinical Decision-Making on the Wards: Case Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e51346 View
  43. Gandhi A, Joesph F, Rajagopal V, Aparnavi P, Katkuri S, Dayama S, Satapathy P, Khatib M, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin Q, Behera A. Performance of ChatGPT on the India Undergraduate Community Medicine Examination: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e49964 View
  44. Xu X, Chen Y, Miao J. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions of large language models, including ChatGPT in medical education: a systematic scoping review. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 2024;21:6 View
  45. Uribe S, Maldupa I, Kavadella A, El Tantawi M, Chaurasia A, Fontana M, Marino R, Innes N, Schwendicke F. Artificial intelligence chatbots and large language models in dental education: Worldwide survey of educators. European Journal of Dental Education 2024 View
  46. Schaye V, Triola M. The generative artificial intelligence revolution: How hospitalists can lead the transformation of medical education. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2024;19(12):1181 View
  47. Wu Y, Zheng Y, Feng B, Yang Y, Kang K, Zhao A. Embracing ChatGPT for Medical Education: Exploring Its Impact on Doctors and Medical Students. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e52483 View
  48. Spotnitz M, Idnay B, Gordon E, Shyu R, Zhang G, Liu C, Cimino J, Weng C. A Survey of Clinicians' Views of the Utility of Large Language Models. Applied Clinical Informatics 2024;15(02):306 View
  49. Lucas H, Upperman J, Robinson J. A systematic review of large language models and their implications in medical education. Medical Education 2024 View
  50. You S. A Systematic Review of the Impact of ChatGPT on Higher Education. International Journal of Technology-Enhanced Education 2024;3(1):1 View
  51. Hirosawa T, Harada Y, Mizuta K, Sakamoto T, Tokumasu K, Shimizu T. Evaluating ChatGPT-4’s Accuracy in Identifying Final Diagnoses Within Differential Diagnoses Compared With Those of Physicians: Experimental Study for Diagnostic Cases. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e59267 View
  52. Jebreen K, Radwan E, Kammoun-Rebai W, Alattar E, Radwan A, Safi W, Radwan W, Alajez M. Perceptions of undergraduate medical students on artificial intelligence in medicine: mixed-methods survey study from Palestine. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  53. Bharathi Mohan G, Prasanna Kumar R, Vishal Krishh P, Keerthinathan A, Lavanya G, Meghana M, Sulthana S, Doss S. An analysis of large language models: their impact and potential applications. Knowledge and Information Systems 2024;66(9):5047 View
  54. Yang S, Dong Y, Yu Z. ChatGPT in Education. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 2024;20(1):1 View
  55. Parsa S, Somani S, Dudum R, Jain S, Rodriguez F. Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Is it Ready for Prime Time?. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 2024;26(7):263 View
  56. Özbay Y. Evaluation of ChatGPT as a Multiple-Choice Question Generator in Dental Traumatology. Medical Records 2024;6(2):235 View
  57. Albadarin Y, Saqr M, Pope N, Tukiainen M. A systematic literature review of empirical research on ChatGPT in education. Discover Education 2024;3(1) View
  58. Li Z, Li F, Fu Q, Wang X, Liu H, Zhao Y, Ren W. Large language models and medical education: a paradigm shift in educator roles. Smart Learning Environments 2024;11(1) View
  59. Pregowska A, Perkins M. Artificial intelligence in medical education: Typologies and ethical approaches. Ethics & Bioethics 2024;14(1-2):96 View
  60. Susnjak T, McIntosh T. ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity?. Education Sciences 2024;14(6):656 View
  61. Ali D, Fatemi Y, Boskabadi E, Nikfar M, Ugwuoke J, Ali H. ChatGPT in Teaching and Learning: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences 2024;14(6):643 View
  62. Liu M, Okuhara T, Chang X, Shirabe R, Nishiie Y, Okada H, Kiuchi T. Performance of ChatGPT Across Different Versions in Medical Licensing Examinations Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e60807 View
  63. Zhai C, Wibowo S, Li L. The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students' cognitive abilities: a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments 2024;11(1) View
  64. Ong J, Chang S, William W, Butte A, Shah N, Chew L, Liu N, Doshi-Velez F, Lu W, Savulescu J, Ting D. Medical Ethics of Large Language Models in Medicine. NEJM AI 2024;1(7) View
  65. Özyurt S. AI-Assisted English Language Learning for Cross-Cultural Medical Education in Multilingual Settings. Experimental and Applied Medical Science 2024;5(2):83 View
  66. DiDonna N, Shetty P, Khan K, Damitz L. Unveiling the Potential of AI in Plastic Surgery Education: A Comparative Study of Leading AI Platforms’ Performance on In-training Examinations. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 2024;12(6):e5929 View
  67. Xu T, Weng H, Liu F, Yang L, Luo Y, Ding Z, Wang Q. Current Status of ChatGPT Use in Medical Education: Potentials, Challenges, and Strategies. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e57896 View
  68. Rossettini G, Rodeghiero L, Corradi F, Cook C, Pillastrini P, Turolla A, Castellini G, Chiappinotto S, Gianola S, Palese A. Comparative accuracy of ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Copilot and Google Gemini in the Italian entrance test for healthcare sciences degrees: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  69. Geantă M, Bădescu D, Chirca N, Nechita O, Radu C, Rascu Ș, Rădăvoi D, Sima C, Toma C, Jinga V. The Emerging Role of Large Language Models in Improving Prostate Cancer Literacy. Bioengineering 2024;11(7):654 View
  70. Huisman T, Huisman T. Artificial Intelligence in Newborn Medicine. Newborn 2024;3(2):96 View
  71. Zhui L, Fenghe L, Xuehu W, Qining F, Wei R. Ethical Considerations and Fundamental Principles of Large Language Models in Medical Education: Viewpoint. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e60083 View
  72. Lucas M, Yang J, Pomeroy J, Yang C. Reasoning with large language models for medical question answering. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(9):1964 View
  73. Wood D, Moss S. Evaluating the impact of students' generative AI use in educational contexts. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning 2024;17(2):152 View
  74. Haltaufderheide J, Ranisch R. The ethics of ChatGPT in medicine and healthcare: a systematic review on Large Language Models (LLMs). npj Digital Medicine 2024;7(1) View
  75. Jo E, Song S, Kim J, Lim S, Kim J, Cha J, Kim Y, Joo H. Assessing GPT-4’s Performance in Delivering Medical Advice: Comparative Analysis With Human Experts. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51282 View
  76. Johnsson V, Tolsgaard M. Why we should stop writing commentaries about AI. Medical Education 2024 View
  77. Moldt J, Festl-Wietek T, Fuhl W, Zabel S, Claassen M, Wagner S, Nieselt K, Herrmann-Werner A. Assessing AI Awareness and Identifying Essential Competencies: Insights From Key Stakeholders in Integrating AI Into Medical Education. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e58355 View
  78. Mistry N, Saeed H, Rafique S, Le T, Obaid H, Adams S. Large Language Models as Tools to Generate Radiology Board-Style Multiple-Choice Questions. Academic Radiology 2024;31(9):3872 View
  79. 张 宇, 白 春. 医学GPT的研发现状和应用前景. Metaverse in Medicine 2024:52 View
  80. Moon J, Lima N, Froula E, Li H, Newsome J, Trivedi H, Bercu Z, Wawira Gichoya J. Towards inclusive biodesign and innovation: lowering barriers to entry in medical device development through large language model tools. BMJ Health & Care Informatics 2024;31(1):e100952 View
  81. Sarangi P, Panda B, P. S, Pattanayak D, Panda S, Mondal H. Exploring Radiology Postgraduate Students' Engagement with Large Language Models for Educational Purposes: A Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2025;35(01):035 View
  82. Desouky E, Jallad S, Bhardwa J, Sharma H, Kalsi J. ChatGPT sitting for FRCS Urology examination: Will artificial intelligence get certified?. Journal of Clinical Urology 2024 View
  83. Zhui L, Yhap N, Liping L, Zhengjie W, Zhonghao X, Xiaoshu Y, Hong C, Xuexiu L, Wei R. Impact of Large Language Models on Medical Education and Teaching Adaptations. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e55933 View
  84. Almansour M, Alfhaid F. Generative artificial intelligence and the personalization of health professional education: A narrative review. Medicine 2024;103(31):e38955 View
  85. Hale J, Alexander S, Wright S, Gilliland K. Generative AI in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Rapid Review. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 2024;11 View
  86. Suresh S, Misra S. Large Language Models in Pediatric Education: Current Uses and Future Potential. Pediatrics 2024;154(3) View
  87. Moglia A, Georgiou K, Cerveri P, Mainardi L, Satava R, Cuschieri A. Large language models in healthcare: from a systematic review on medical examinations to a comparative analysis on fundamentals of robotic surgery online test. Artificial Intelligence Review 2024;57(9) View
  88. Guo E, Ramchandani R, Park Y, Gupta M. OSCEai: personalized interactive learning for undergraduate medical education. Canadian Medical Education Journal 2024 View
  89. Tong W, Zhang X, Zeng H, Pan J, Gong C, Zhang H. Reforming China’s Secondary Vocational Medical Education: Adapting to the Challenges and Opportunities of the AI Era. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e48594 View
  90. Bala W, Li H, Moon J, Trivedi H, Gichoya J, Balthazar P. Enhancing radiology training with GPT-4: Pilot analysis of automated feedback in trainee preliminary reports. Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 2025;54(2):151 View
  91. Samala A, Rawas S, Wang T, Reed J, Kim J, Howard N, Ertz M. Unveiling the landscape of generative artificial intelligence in education: a comprehensive taxonomy of applications, challenges, and future prospects. Education and Information Technologies 2025;30(3):3239 View
  92. McIntosh T, Susnjak T, Liu T, Watters P, Halgamuge M. The Inadequacy of Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback—Radicalizing Large Language Models via Semantic Vulnerabilities. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2024;16(4):1561 View
  93. Sadeq M, Ghorab R, Ashry M, Abozaid A, Banihani H, Salem M, Aisheh M, Abuzahra S, Mourid M, Assker M, Ayyad M, Moawad M. AI chatbots show promise but limitations on UK medical exam questions: a comparative performance study. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1) View
  94. Arun G, Perumal V, Urias F, Ler Y, Tan B, Vallabhajosyula R, Tan E, Ng O, Ng K, Mogali S. ChatGPT versus a customized AI chatbot (Anatbuddy) for anatomy education: A comparative pilot study. Anatomical Sciences Education 2024;17(7):1396 View
  95. Thomae A, Witt C, Barth J. Integration of ChatGPT Into a Course for Medical Students: Explorative Study on Teaching Scenarios, Students’ Perception, and Applications. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e50545 View
  96. Tong R, Hu X. Future of Education with Neuro-Symbolic AI Agents in Self-Improving Adaptive Instructional Systems. Frontiers of Digital Education 2024;1(2):198 View
  97. Dinh T. The influence of implicit self-theories on ChatGPT usage. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 2024;41(5):524 View
  98. Quah B, Zheng L, Sng T, Yong C, Islam I. Reliability of ChatGPT in automated essay scoring for dental undergraduate examinations. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  99. Mudrik A, Nadkarni G, Efros O, Glicksberg B, Klang E, Soffer S. Exploring the role of Large Language Models in haematology: A focused review of applications, benefits and limitations. British Journal of Haematology 2024;205(5):1685 View
  100. Delgado‐Ruiz R, Kim A, Zhang H, Sullivan D, Awan K, Stathopoulou P. Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) in dental education: Opportunities, cautions, and recommendations. Journal of Dental Education 2025;89(1):130 View
  101. Evenstein Sigalov S, Cohen A, Nachmias R. Transforming higher education: a decade of integrating wikipedia and wikidata for literacy enhancement and social impact. Journal of Computers in Education 2024 View
  102. Fraga-Sastrías J, Navarrini H, Silva-Brehuer M, Espejo-González R, Olvera-Cortés H, Rubio-Martínez R. Uso de Chat-GPT para la generación y conducción de escenarios simulados para el aprendizaje de habilidades no técnicas. Revista Latinoamericana de Simulación Clínica 2024;6(2):64 View
  103. Chen S, Kuo H, Chang S. Perceptions of ChatGPT in healthcare: usefulness, trust, and risk. Frontiers in Public Health 2024;12 View
  104. Yu H, Fan L, Li L, Zhou J, Ma Z, Xian L, Hua W, He S, Jin M, Zhang Y, Gandhi A, Ma X. Large Language Models in Biomedical and Health Informatics: A Review with Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 2024;8(4):658 View
  105. Ning Y, Teixayavong S, Shang Y, Savulescu J, Nagaraj V, Miao D, Mertens M, Ting D, Ong J, Liu M, Cao J, Dunn M, Vaughan R, Ong M, Sung J, Topol E, Liu N. Generative artificial intelligence and ethical considerations in health care: a scoping review and ethics checklist. The Lancet Digital Health 2024;6(11):e848 View
  106. Wang S, Zhao Z, Ouyang X, Liu T, Wang Q, Shen D. Interactive computer-aided diagnosis on medical image using large language models. Communications Engineering 2024;3(1) View
  107. Su Z, Tang G, Huang R, Qiao Y, Zhang Z, Dai X. Based on Medicine, The Now and Future of Large Language Models. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering 2024;17(4):263 View
  108. Inojosa H, Voigt I, Wenk J, Ferber D, Wiest I, Antweiler D, Weicken E, Gilbert S, Kather J, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. Integrating large language models in care, research, and education in multiple sclerosis management. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2024;30(11-12):1392 View
  109. Fan K, Fan K. Dermatological Knowledge and Image Analysis Performance of Large Language Models Based on Specialty Certificate Examination in Dermatology. Dermato 2024;4(4):124 View
  110. Abdul Sami M, Abdul Samad M, Parekh K, Suthar P. Comparative Accuracy of ChatGPT 4.0 and Google Gemini in Answering Pediatric Radiology Text-Based Questions. Cureus 2024 View
  111. Raman R, Sreenivasan A, Suresh M, Gunasekaran A, Nedungadi P. AI-driven education: a comparative study on ChatGPT and Bard in supply chain management contexts. Cogent Business & Management 2024;11(1) View
  112. Severin R, Gagnon K. An Early Snapshot of Attitudes Toward Generative Artificial Intelligence in Physical Therapy Education. Journal of Physical Therapy Education 2024 View
  113. Song E, Lee S. Comparative Analysis of the Response Accuracies of Large Language Models in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination Across Korean and English Questions. International Journal of Dental Hygiene 2025;23(2):267 View
  114. Xu A, Piranio V, Speakman S, Rosen C, Lu S, Lamprecht C, Medina R, Corrielus M, Griffin I, Chatham C, Abchee N, Stribling D, Huynh P, Harrell H, Shickel B, Brennan M. A Pilot Study of Medical Student Opinions on Large Language Models. Cureus 2024 View
  115. De Clercq D, Nehring E, Mayne H, Mahdi A. Large language models can help boost food production, but be mindful of their risks. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024;7 View
  116. Luong J, Tzang C, McWatt S, Brassett C, Stearns D, Sagoo M, Kunzel C, Sakurai T, Chien C, Noel G, Wu A. Exploring Artificial Intelligence Readiness in Medical Students: Analysis of a Global Survey. Medical Science Educator 2024;35(1):331 View
  117. Liu M, Okuhara T, Chang X, Okada H, Kiuchi T, Khlaif Z. Performance of ChatGPT in medical licensing examinations in countries worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. PLOS ONE 2024;19(10):e0312771 View
  118. Albuquerque J, Rienties B, Holmes W, Hlosta M. From hype to evidence: exploring large language models for inter-group bias classification in higher education. Interactive Learning Environments 2025;33(3):2332 View
  119. Tokgöz Kaplan T, Cankar M. Evidence‐Based Potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models on Dental Avulsion: ChatGPT Versus Gemini. Dental Traumatology 2025;41(2):178 View
  120. Liu F, Chang X, Zhu Q, Huang Y, Li Y, Wang H. Assessing clinical medicine students’ acceptance of large language model: based on technology acceptance model. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  121. Bicknell B, Butler D, Whalen S, Ricks J, Dixon C, Clark A, Spaedy O, Skelton A, Edupuganti N, Dzubinski L, Tate H, Dyess G, Lindeman B, Lehmann L. ChatGPT-4 Omni Performance in USMLE Disciplines and Clinical Skills: Comparative Analysis. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e63430 View
  122. Sarangi P, Datta S, Panda B, Panda S, Mondal H. Evaluating ChatGPT-4's Performance in Identifying Radiological Anatomy in FRCR Part 1 Examination Questions. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2025;35(02):287 View
  123. Eoh K, Kwon G, Lee E, Lee J, Lee I, Kim Y, Nam E. Efficacy of large language models and their potential in Obstetrics and Gynecology education. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 2024;67(6):550 View
  124. Aster A, Laupichler M, Rockwell-Kollmann T, Masala G, Bala E, Raupach T. ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models in Medical Education — Scoping Literature Review. Medical Science Educator 2024;35(1):555 View
  125. Popov V, Mateju N, Jeske C, Lewis K. Metaverse-based simulation: a scoping review of charting medical education over the last two decades in the lens of the ‘marvelous medical education machine’. Annals of Medicine 2024;56(1) View
  126. Deb Roy A, Bharat Jaiswal I, Nath Tiu D, Das D, Mondal S, Behera J, Mondal H. Assessing the Utilization of Large Language Model Chatbots for Educational Purposes by Medical Teachers: A Nationwide Survey From India. Cureus 2024 View
  127. Abdul Sami M, Abdul Samad M, Parekh K, Suthar P. ChatGPT-4 Turbo and Meta’s LLaMA 3.1: A Relative Analysis of Answering Radiology Text-Based Questions. Cureus 2024 View
  128. Dong B, Zhang L, Yuan J, Chen Y, Li Q, Shen L. Large language models: game-changers in the healthcare industry. Science Bulletin 2025;70(3):283 View
  129. Ballard D, Antigua-Made A, Barre E, Edney E, Gordon E, Kelahan L, Lodhi T, Martin J, Ozkan M, Serdynski K, Spieler B, Zhu D, Adams S. Impact of ChatGPT and Large Language Models on Radiology Education: Association of Academic Radiology—Radiology Research Alliance Task Force White Paper. Academic Radiology 2025;32(5):3039 View
  130. Lee J, Park S, Shin J, Cho B. Analyzing evaluation methods for large language models in the medical field: a scoping review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2024;24(1) View
  131. Liu Z, Bao Y, Zeng S, Qian R, Deng M, Gu A, Li J, Wang W, Cai W, Li W, Wang H, Xu D, Lin G. Large Language Models in Psychiatry: Current Applications, Limitations, and Future Scope. Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024;7(4):1148 View
  132. Kaewboonlert N, Poontananggul J, Pongsuwan N, Bhakdisongkhram G. Factors Associated With the Accuracy of Large Language Models in Basic Medical Science Examinations: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Medical Education 2025;11:e58898 View
  133. Jin H, Kim E. Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the Korean Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparison Study. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e57451 View
  134. Thesen T, Alilonu N, Stone S. AI Patient Actor: An Open-Access Generative-AI App for Communication Training in Health Professions. Medical Science Educator 2024;35(1):25 View
  135. Zong H, Wu R, Cha J, Wang J, Wu E, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Feng W, Shen B. Large Language Models in Worldwide Medical Exams: Platform Development and Comprehensive Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e66114 View
  136. Maitin A, Nogales A, Fernández-Rincón S, Aranguren E, Cervera-Barba E, Denizon-Arranz S, Mateos-Rodríguez A, García-Tejedor Á. Application of large language models in clinical record correction: a comprehensive study on various retraining methods. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2025;32(2):341 View
  137. Schaab B, Calvetti P, Hoffmann S, Diaz G, Rech M, Cazella S, Stein A, Barros H, Silva P, Reppold C. How do machine learning models perform in the detection of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate students? A systematic review. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 2024;40(11) View
  138. Shaikh T, Rasool T, Veningston K, Yaseen S. The role of large language models in agriculture: harvesting the future with LLM intelligence. Progress in Artificial Intelligence 2024 View
  139. Chen Y, Qi H, Qiu Y, Li J, Zhu L, Gao X, Wang H, Jiang G. Artificial intelligence in medical problem-based learning: opportunities and challenges. Global Medical Education 2024 View
  140. Gupta N, Khatri K, Malik Y, Lakhani A, Kanwal A, Aggarwal S, Dahuja A. Exploring prospects, hurdles, and road ahead for generative artificial intelligence in orthopedic education and training. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  141. Brown J, Lenchik L, Doja F, Kaviani P, Judd D, Probyn L, Lee S, Goodman E, Sedeh A, Makary M, Lee R, Retrouvey M. Leveraging Large Language Models in Radiology Research: A Comprehensive User Guide. Academic Radiology 2025;32(5):3082 View
  142. Chu L, Kurup V. The Promise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Geriatric Anesthesiology Education: An Idea Whose Time Has Come. Current Anesthesiology Reports 2025;15(1) View
  143. Zhang K, Meng X, Yan X, Ji J, Liu J, Xu H, Zhang H, Liu D, Wang J, Wang X, Gao J, Wang Y, Shao C, Wang W, Li J, Zheng M, Yang Y, Tang Y. Revolutionizing Health Care: The Transformative Impact of Large Language Models in Medicine. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e59069 View
  144. Fawaz M, El‐Malti W, Alreshidi S, Kavuran E. Exploring Health Sciences Students' Perspectives on Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Qualitative Study. Nursing & Health Sciences 2025;27(1) View
  145. Furey P. Generative artificial intelligence part 1: exploring ethical considerations. Journal of Paramedic Practice 2025;17(1):1 View
  146. Bhuyan S, Sateesh V, Mukul N, Galvankar A, Mahmood A, Nauman M, Rai A, Bordoloi K, Basu U, Samuel J. Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Healthcare: Opportunities for Clinical Excellence and Administrative Efficiency. Journal of Medical Systems 2025;49(1) View
  147. Kondo T, Okamoto M, Kondo Y. Pilot Study on Using Large Language Models for Educational Resource Development in Japanese Radiological Technologist Exams. Medical Science Educator 2025 View
  148. Sami A, Tanveer F, Sajwani K, Kiran N, Javed M, Ozsahin D, Muhammad K, Waheed Y. Medical students’ attitudes toward AI in education: perception, effectiveness, and its credibility. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  149. Kim J, Vajravelu B. Assessing the Current Limitations of Large Language Models in Advancing Health Care Education. JMIR Formative Research 2025;9:e51319 View
  150. Buckley P, Wang Y, Gopalan P. Artificial Intelligence Scribes in Psychiatry. Focus 2025;23(1):44 View
  151. Mondal H. Ethical engagement with artificial intelligence in medical education. Advances in Physiology Education 2025;49(1):163 View
  152. Feng R, Brennan K, Azizi Z, Goyal J, Deb B, Chang H, Ganesan P, Clopton P, Pedron M, Ruipérez-Campillo S, Desai Y, De Larochellière H, Baykaner T, Perez M, Rodrigo M, Rogers A, Narayan S. Engineering of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Models to Accurately Identify Arrhythmia Recurrence. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology 2025;18(1) View
  153. Ahn J, Kim B. Application of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Dyslipidemia Care. Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis 2025;14(1):77 View
  154. Albalawi F, Khanagar S, Iyer K, Alhazmi N, Alayyash A, Alhazmi A, Awawdeh M, Singh O. Evaluating the Performance of Artificial Intelligence-Based Large Language Models in Orthodontics—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Applied Sciences 2025;15(2):893 View
  155. Tassoker M. ChatGPT-4 Omni’s superiority in answering multiple-choice oral radiology questions. BMC Oral Health 2025;25(1) View
  156. Feigerlova E, Hani H, Hothersall-Davies E. A systematic review of the impact of artificial intelligence on educational outcomes in health professions education. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  157. Lane R. Mitigating risks, embracing potential: a framework for integrating generative artificial intelligence in geographical and environmental education. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 2025:1 View
  158. Yang C, Chen Y, Qian C, Shi F, Guo Y. The data-intensive research paradigm: challenges and responses in clinical professional graduate education. Frontiers in Medicine 2025;12 View
  159. Cera R. Intelligenza generativa artificiale in medical education: ragionamento clinico artificiale vs ragionamento clinico umano. EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY 2025;(2):239 View
  160. Bereuter J, Geissler M, Klimova A, Steiner R, Pfeiffer K, Kolbinger F, Wiest I, Muti H, Kather J. Benchmarking Vision Capabilities of Large Language Models in Surgical Examination Questions. Journal of Surgical Education 2025;82(4):103442 View
  161. Gençer Bingöl F, Ağagündüz D, Bingol M. Accuracy of Current Large Language Models and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model in Determining Dietary Principles in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Renal Nutrition 2025 View
  162. Wang C, Xiao C, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Chen X, Li Y, Qi H. Exploring medical students’ intention to use of ChatGPT from a programming course: a grounded theory study in China. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  163. Ji K, Wu Z, Han J, Zhai G, Liu J. Evaluating ChatGPT-4's performance on oral and maxillofacial queries: Chain of Thought and standard method. Frontiers in Oral Health 2025;6 View
  164. Theros J, Soetikno A, Liebovitz D. Foundations of AI for future physicians: A practical, accessible curriculum. Medical Teacher 2025:1 View
  165. Chow J, Li K. Developing Effective Frameworks for Large Language Model–Based Medical Chatbots: Insights From Radiotherapy Education With ChatGPT. JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e66633 View
  166. Sawamura S, Kohiyama K, Takenaka T, Sera T, Inoue T, Nagai T. Potential of Large Language Models in Generating Multiple-Choice Questions for the Japanese National Licensure Examination for Physical Therapists. Cureus 2025 View
  167. Omar M, Sorin V, Agbareia R, Apakama D, Soroush A, Sakhuja A, Freeman R, Horowitz C, Richardson L, Nadkarni G, Klang E. Evaluating and addressing demographic disparities in medical large language models: a systematic review. International Journal for Equity in Health 2025;24(1) View
  168. Kim Y. Digital Innovation in Medical Education: The Process and Challenges of Digital Transformation. Korean Medical Education Review 2025;27(1):6 View
  169. Khamis N, Chen B, Egan C, Gaglani S, Tackett S. More intelligent faculty development: Integrating GenAI in curriculum development programs. Medical Teacher 2025:1 View
  170. Fan G, Liu D, Zhang R, Pan L. The impact of AI-assisted pair programming on student motivation, programming anxiety, collaborative learning, and programming performance: a comparative study with traditional pair programming and individual approaches. International Journal of STEM Education 2025;12(1) View
  171. Pérez Gamboa A. Interdisciplinary collaboration in medical education: intersections between educational psychology and health sciences. Seminars in Medical Writing and Education 2023;2:210 View
  172. Lo Bianco G, Robinson C, D’Angelo F, Cascella M, Natoli S, Sinagra E, Mercadante S, Drago F. Effectiveness of Generative Artificial Intelligence-Driven Responses to Patient Concerns in Long-Term Opioid Therapy: Cross-Model Assessment. Biomedicines 2025;13(3):636 View
  173. Pastrak M, Kajitani S, Goodings A, Drewek A, LaFree A, Murphy A. Evaluation of ChatGPT Performance on Emergency Medicine Board Examination Questions: Observational Study. JMIR AI 2025;4:e67696 View
  174. Aster A, Lotz A, Raupach T. Theoretical background of the game design element “chatbot” in serious games for medical education. Advances in Simulation 2025;10(1) View
  175. Sriram A, Ramachandran K, Krishnamoorthy S. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Transforming Learning and Practice. Cureus 2025 View
  176. Xu Q, Wu Y, Zheng H, Yan H, Wu H, Qian Y, Wu Y, Liu B. Standardization in artificial general intelligence model for education. Computer Standards & Interfaces 2025;94:104006 View
  177. Mondal H. Evolving resource use for self-directed learning in physiology among first-year medical students in a classroom setting. Advances in Physiology Education 2025;49(2):394 View
  178. Arain S, Akhund S, Barakzai M, Meo S. Transforming medical education: leveraging large language models to enhance PBL—a proof-of-concept study. Advances in Physiology Education 2025;49(2):398 View
  179. Hoelscher S. The good, the bad, and the binary. Nursing 2025;55(4):26 View
  180. Wu Y, Zhang Y, Xu M, Jinzhi C, Xue Y, Zheng Y. Effectiveness of various general large language models in clinical consensus and case analysis in dental implantology: a comparative study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2025;25(1) View
  181. Janumpally R. The Role of Natural Language Processing in Graduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2025 View
  182. Mavrych V, Yaqinuddin A, Bolgova O. Claude, ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini performance versus students in different topics of neuroscience. Advances in Physiology Education 2025;49(2):430 View
  183. Mastrokostas P, Lavi A, Zhang B, Mastrokostas L, Liu S, Connors K, Hashem J. GPT-4 as a Source of Patient Information for Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Comparative Analysis Against Google Web Search. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2025 View
  184. Huang R, Wu H, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Qian H, Zhang C, Wei X, Lu S, Zhang X, Kan J, Wan C, Liu Y. Evaluation and Bias Analysis of Large Language Models in Generating Synthetic Electronic Health Records: A Comparative Study (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024 View
  185. Liu F, Zhou H, Gu B, Zou X, Huang J, Wu J, Li Y, Chen S, Hua Y, Zhou P, Liu J, Mao C, You C, Wu X, Zheng Y, Clifton L, Li Z, Luo J, Clifton D. Application of large language models in medicine. Nature Reviews Bioengineering 2025 View
  186. Shah M, Shahzadi S, Khan S. Postgraduate Students Perception of Using Chatgpt in Clinical Management and Research: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 2025;12(2):19 View
  187. Patil N, Kou N, Baptista‐Hon D, Monteiro O. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Practical Guide for Educators. MedComm – Future Medicine 2025;4(2) View
  188. Yang B, Zhou F, Bai N, Zhou S, Luo C, Wang Q, Wong A, Lin F. Digital and Intelligence Education in Medicine: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Frontiers of Digital Education 2025;2(1) View
  189. Yang W, Some L, Bain M, Kang B. A comprehensive survey on integrating large language models with knowledge-based methods. Knowledge-Based Systems 2025;318:113503 View
  190. Lim B, Seth I, Maxwell M, Cuomo R, Ross R, Rozen W. Evaluating the Efficacy of Large Language Models in Generating Medical Documentation: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4o, and Claude. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2025 View
  191. Tortella F, Palese A, Turolla A, Castellini G, Pillastrini P, Landuzzi M, Cook C, Galeoto G, Giovannico G, Rodeghiero L, Gianola S, Rossettini G. Knowledge and use, perceptions of benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence chatbots among Italian physiotherapy students: a cross-sectional national study. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  192. Furey P. Generative artificial intelligence 4: training companion. Journal of Paramedic Practice 2025;17(4):1 View
  193. Schaye V, DiTullio D, Sartori D, Hauck K, Haller M, Reinstein I, Guzman B, Burk-Rafel J. Artificial intelligence based assessment of clinical reasoning documentation: an observational study of the impact of the clinical learning environment on resident documentation quality. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  194. Kejingyun S, Mingjun R. Randomized Controlled Study on the Impact of Problem-Based Learning Combined With Large Language Models on Critical Thinking Skills in Nursing Students. Nurse Educator 2025 View
  195. Bauer E, Greiff S, Graesser A, Scheiter K, Sailer M. Looking Beyond the Hype: Understanding the Effects of AI on Learning. Educational Psychology Review 2025;37(2) View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Gökoğlu S. Transforming Education With Generative AI. View
  2. Matheis P, John J. Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. View
  3. Haidar A. Preparing Students for the Future Educational Paradigm. View
  4. Patrício M, Gonçalves B. Information Technology and Systems. View
  5. Jiang N, Duffy V. Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. View
  6. Zhang F, Yang K, Zhao C, Li H, Dong X, Tian H, Zhou X. Bioinformatics Research and Applications. View
  7. Chakraborty S, Misra B, Dey N. AI-Empowered Knowledge Management in Education. View
  8. Varghese N, Ramasamy G. Intersection of AI and Business Intelligence in Data-Driven Decision-Making. View
  9. Li M, Wang X. Artificial Intelligence for Future Society. View
  10. A. Gould J, P. Stawicki S, Yimeng Lee R, Ng-Pellegrino A. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Surgery - An Exploration of Current Trends, Potential Opportunities, and Evolving Threats - Volume 2. View
  11. Musunuri R, Bhatt A. Improving Healthcare Quality and Patient Engagement. View
  12. Mansour N, Msheik El-Khoury F, Zaatari G, Harb M. Higher Education in the Arab World. View
  13. Canelas-Pais M, Coutinho Almeida J, Magalhães Araujo S, Maia Rafael F, Cruz-Correia R, Pereira Rodrigues P. Artificial Intelligence for Drug Product Lifecycle Applications. View
  14. James L, Genga L, Montagne B, Hagenaars M, Van Gorp P. Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2024. View
  15. Nawaz F, Opriessnig E, Usman F, Agrohi J, Arshad Z, Kashyap R, Anwar S. Precision Health in the Digital Age. View
  16. . Digital Escape Room Designs in Education. View
  17. Guo F, Duan J, Peng X, Liang C. Computer Science and Educational Informatization. View
  18. Liu J, Liu C. Health Information Processing. Evaluation Track Papers. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Feng T, Denny P, Wuensche B, Luxton-Reilly A, Hooper S. Proceedings of the 26th Australasian Computing Education Conference. More Than Meets the AI: Evaluating the performance of GPT-4 on Computer Graphics assessment questions View
  2. Borg A, Parodis I, Skantze G. Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Creating Virtual Patients using Robots and Large Language Models: A Preliminary Study with Medical Students View
  3. Bhattacharjee A, Zeng Y, Xu S, Kulzhabayeva D, Ma M, Kornfield R, Ahmed S, Mariakakis A, Czerwinski M, Kuzminykh A, Liut M, Williams J. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Understanding the Role of Large Language Models in Personalizing and Scaffolding Strategies to Combat Academic Procrastination View
  4. Faccia A, Ridon M, Beebeejaun Z, Mosteanu N. 2023 8th International Conference on Information Systems Engineering. Advancements and Challenges of Generative AI in Higher Educational Content Creation A Technical Perspective View
  5. Dong B, Bai J, Xu T, Zhou Y. 2024 6th International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE). Large Language Models in Education: A Systematic Review View
  6. Feng T, Denny P, Wünsche B, Luxton-Reilly A, Whalley J. SIGGRAPH Asia 2024 Educator's Forum. An Eye for an AI: Evaluating GPT-4o's Visual Perception Skills and Geometric Reasoning Skills Using Computer Graphics Questions View
  7. Llerena-Izquierdo J, Fiallos-Vargas I, Portugal-Gorozabel J, Veloz-Arce A. 2024 IEEE URUCON. Towards an experience in AI-driven development for programming applied to multimedia using Tabnine View
  8. Ramasamy V, Ramamoorthy S, Walia G, Kulpinski E, Antreassian A. 2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). Enhancing User Story Generation in Agile Software Development Through Open AI and Prompt Engineering View
  9. Ogdu C, Gurbuz S, Karakose M, Hanoglu E. 2025 29th International Conference on Information Technology (IT). Medical Implications of LLM Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Healthcare View
  10. Baskara F. THE 8TH PROGRESSIVE AND FUN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023. ChatGPT-4: A fresh lens on holistic education’s reimagination View
  11. Weerathunge T, Jayalal S, Wijayasiriwardhane K. 2025 5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Computing (ICARC). Optimizing Response Consistency of Large Language Models in Medical Education through Prompt Engineering View
  12. Wang A, Ruparel R, Iurchenko A, Jhun P, Séguin J, Strachan P, Wong R, Karthikesalingam A, Matias Y, Hassidim A, Webster D, Semturs C, Krause J, Schaekermann M. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Generative AI for medical education: Insights from a case study with medical students and an AI tutor for clinical reasoning View
  13. Kang W, Zhang L, Peng X, Zhang H, Li A, Wang M, Huang J, Tian F, Dai G. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. TutorCraftEase: Enhancing Pedagogical Question Creation with Large Language Models View