Published on in Vol 9 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/48291, first published .
Large Language Models in Medical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Large Language Models in Medical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Large Language Models in Medical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Journals

  1. Dhanvijay A, Pinjar M, Dhokane N, Sorte S, Kumari A, Mondal H. Performance of Large Language Models (ChatGPT, Bing Search, and Google Bard) in Solving Case Vignettes in Physiology. Cureus 2023 View
  2. Mannstadt I, Mehta B. Large language models and the future of rheumatology: assessing impact and emerging opportunities. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2024;36(1):46 View
  3. Scholz O, Krüger N, Betzold E, Bader J, Thul N, Papan C. Antimicrobial stewardship in medical education in Germany: a brief survey and a students’ and educator’s call for change. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 2023;3(1) View
  4. Jowsey T, Stokes-Parish J, Singleton R, Todorovic M. Medical education empowered by generative artificial intelligence large language models. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2023;29(12):971 View
  5. Leung T, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Mavragani A, Eysenbach G. Best Practices for Using AI Tools as an Author, Peer Reviewer, or Editor. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e51584 View
  6. Lee H. Using ChatGPT as a Learning Tool in Acupuncture Education: Comparative Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e47427 View
  7. Baglivo F, De Angelis L, Casigliani V, Arzilli G, Privitera G, Rizzo C. Exploring the Possible Use of AI Chatbots in Public Health Education: Feasibility Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e51421 View
  8. Suárez A, Díaz‐Flores García V, Algar J, Gómez Sánchez M, Llorente de Pedro M, Freire Y. Unveiling the ChatGPT phenomenon: Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of endodontic question answers. International Endodontic Journal 2024;57(1):108 View
  9. Preiksaitis C, Rose C. Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e48785 View
  10. Nashwan A, Jaradat J. Streamlining Systematic Reviews: Harnessing Large Language Models for Quality Assessment and Risk-of-Bias Evaluation. Cureus 2023 View
  11. Heston T, Khun C. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ChatGPT in Medical Education. SSRN Electronic Journal 2023 View
  12. Biri S, Kumar S, Panigrahi M, Mondal S, Behera J, Mondal H. Assessing the Utilization of Large Language Models in Medical Education: Insights From Undergraduate Medical Students. Cureus 2023 View
  13. Farhat F, Chaudhry B, Nadeem M, Sohail S, Madsen D. Evaluating Large Language Models for the National Premedical Exam in India: Comparative Analysis of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51523 View
  14. Magalhães Araujo S, Cruz-Correia R. Incorporating ChatGPT in Medical Informatics Education: Mixed Methods Study on Student Perceptions and Experiential Integration Proposals. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51151 View
  15. Choi W. Assessment of the capacity of ChatGPT as a self-learning tool in medical pharmacology: a study using MCQs. BMC Medical Education 2023;23(1) View
  16. Ahn S. A use case of ChatGPT in a flipped medical terminology course. Korean Journal of Medical Education 2023;35(3):303 View
  17. Shimizu I, Kasai H, Shikino K, Araki N, Takahashi Z, Onodera M, Kimura Y, Tsukamoto T, Yamauchi K, Asahina M, Ito S, Kawakami E. Developing Medical Education Curriculum Reform Strategies to Address the Impact of Generative AI: Qualitative Study. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e53466 View
  18. Suárez A, Jiménez J, Llorente de Pedro M, Andreu-Vázquez C, Díaz-Flores García V, Gómez Sánchez M, Freire Y. Beyond the Scalpel: Assessing ChatGPT's potential as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant in oral surgery. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2024;24:46 View
  19. Jacobs S, Lundy N, Issenberg S, Chandran L. Reimagining Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Undergraduate Medical Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50903 View
  20. Jang D, Yun T, Lee C, Kwon Y, Kim C, Nakayama L. GPT-4 can pass the Korean National Licensing Examination for Korean Medicine Doctors. PLOS Digital Health 2023;2(12):e0000416 View
  21. Knopp M, Warm E, Weber D, Kelleher M, Kinnear B, Schumacher D, Santen S, Mendonça E, Turner L. AI-Enabled Medical Education: Threads of Change, Promising Futures, and Risky Realities Across Four Potential Future Worlds. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50373 View
  22. Tangadulrat P, Sono S, Tangtrakulwanich B. Using ChatGPT for Clinical Practice and Medical Education: Cross-Sectional Survey of Medical Students’ and Physicians’ Perceptions. JMIR Medical Education 2023;9:e50658 View
  23. Selman-Álvarez R, Figueroa-Fernández Ú, Cruz-Mackenna E, Jarry C, Escalona G, Corvetto M, Varas-Cohen J. Inteligencia artificial en simulación médica: estado actual y proyecciones futuras. Revista Latinoamericana de Simulación Clínica 2023;5(3):117 View
  24. Sardesai N, Russo P, Martin J, Sardesai A. Utilizing generative conversational artificial intelligence to create simulated patient encounters: a pilot study for anaesthesia training. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2024;100(1182):237 View
  25. Morjaria L, Burns L, Bracken K, Levinson A, Ngo Q, Lee M, Sibbald M. Examining the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Marking Short-Answer Assessments in an Undergraduate Medical Program. International Medical Education 2024;3(1):32 View
  26. George Pallivathukal R, Kyaw Soe H, Donald P, Samson R, Hj Ismail A. ChatGPT for Academic Purposes: Survey Among Undergraduate Healthcare Students in Malaysia. Cureus 2024 View
  27. Liu J, Wang C, Liu Z, Gao M, Xu Y, Chen J, Cheng Y. A bibliometric analysis of generative AI in education: current status and development. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 2024;44(1):156 View
  28. Seth I, Lim B, Cevik J, Sofiadellis F, Ross R, Cuomo R, Rozen W. Utilizing GPT-4 and generative artificial intelligence platforms for surgical education: an experimental study on skin ulcers. European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2024;47(1) View
  29. Shorey S, Mattar C, Pereira T, Choolani M. A scoping review of ChatGPT's role in healthcare education and research. Nurse Education Today 2024;135:106121 View
  30. Thaker N, Redjal N, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Penberthy D, Showalter T, Choudhri A, Williamson S, Thaker G, Shah C, Ward M, Thaker M, Arcaro M. Large Language Models Encode Radiation Oncology Domain Knowledge: Performance on the American College of Radiology Standardized Examination. AI in Precision Oncology 2024;1(1):43 View
  31. Shah A, Wahood S, Guermazi D, Brem C, Saliba E. Skin and Syntax: Large Language Models in Dermatopathology. Dermatopathology 2024;11(1):101 View
  32. Zong H, Li J, Wu E, Wu R, Lu J, Shen B. Performance of ChatGPT on Chinese national medical licensing examinations: a five-year examination evaluation study for physicians, pharmacists and nurses. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  33. Kapsali M, Livanis E, Tsalikidis C, Oikonomou P, Voultsos P, Tsaroucha A. Ethical Concerns About ChatGPT in Healthcare: A Useful Tool or the Tombstone of Original and Reflective Thinking?. Cureus 2024 View
  34. Gordon M, Daniel M, Ajiboye A, Uraiby H, Xu N, Bartlett R, Hanson J, Haas M, Spadafore M, Grafton-Clarke C, Gasiea R, Michie C, Corral J, Kwan B, Dolmans D, Thammasitboon S. A scoping review of artificial intelligence in medical education: BEME Guide No. 84. Medical Teacher 2024;46(4):446 View
  35. Huber S, Kiili K, Nebel S, Ryan R, Sailer M, Ninaus M. Leveraging the Potential of Large Language Models in Education Through Playful and Game-Based Learning. Educational Psychology Review 2024;36(1) View
  36. Elsheikh A. Enhancing the Efficacy of Assistive Technologies through Localization: A Comprehensive Analysis with a Focus on the Arab Region. Nafath 2024;7(24) View
  37. Chow J, Wong V, Li K. Generative Pre-Trained Transformer-Empowered Healthcare Conversations: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions in Large Language Model-Enabled Medical Chatbots. BioMedInformatics 2024;4(1):837 View
  38. Fostier J, Leemans E, Meeussen L, Wulleman A, Van Doren S, De Coninck D, Toelen J. Dialogues with AI: Comparing ChatGPT, Bard, and Human Participants’ Responses in In-Depth Interviews on Adolescent Health Care. Future 2024;2(1):30 View
  39. Lawson McLean A, Wu Y, Lawson McLean A, Hristidis V. Large language models as decision aids in neuro-oncology: a review of shared decision-making applications. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 2024;150(3) View
  40. Han Z, Battaglia F, Terlecky S. Transforming challenges into opportunities: Leveraging ChatGPT's limitations for active learning and prompt engineering skill. The Innovation Medicine 2024;2(2):100065 View
  41. Raitskaya L, Lambovska M. Prospects for ChatGPT Application in Higher Education: A Scoping Review of International Research. Integration of Education 2023;28(1):10 View
  42. Skryd A, Lawrence K. ChatGPT as a Tool for Medical Education and Clinical Decision-Making on the Wards: Case Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e51346 View
  43. Gandhi A, Joesph F, Rajagopal V, Aparnavi P, Katkuri S, Dayama S, Satapathy P, Khatib M, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin Q, Behera A. Performance of ChatGPT on the India Undergraduate Community Medicine Examination: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e49964 View
  44. Xu X, Chen Y, Miao J. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions of large language models, including ChatGPT in medical education: a systematic scoping review. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 2024;21:6 View
  45. Uribe S, Maldupa I, Kavadella A, El Tantawi M, Chaurasia A, Fontana M, Marino R, Innes N, Schwendicke F. Artificial intelligence chatbots and large language models in dental education: Worldwide survey of educators. European Journal of Dental Education 2024 View
  46. Schaye V, Triola M. The generative artificial intelligence revolution: How hospitalists can lead the transformation of medical education. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2024;19(12):1181 View
  47. Wu Y, Zheng Y, Feng B, Yang Y, Kang K, Zhao A. Embracing ChatGPT for Medical Education: Exploring Its Impact on Doctors and Medical Students. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e52483 View
  48. Spotnitz M, Idnay B, Gordon E, Shyu R, Zhang G, Liu C, Cimino J, Weng C. A Survey of Clinicians' Views of the Utility of Large Language Models. Applied Clinical Informatics 2024;15(02):306 View
  49. Lucas H, Upperman J, Robinson J. A systematic review of large language models and their implications in medical education. Medical Education 2024 View
  50. You S. A Systematic Review of the Impact of ChatGPT on Higher Education. International Journal of Technology-Enhanced Education 2024;3(1):1 View
  51. Hirosawa T, Harada Y, Mizuta K, Sakamoto T, Tokumasu K, Shimizu T. Evaluating ChatGPT-4’s Accuracy in Identifying Final Diagnoses Within Differential Diagnoses Compared With Those of Physicians: Experimental Study for Diagnostic Cases. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e59267 View
  52. Jebreen K, Radwan E, Kammoun-Rebai W, Alattar E, Radwan A, Safi W, Radwan W, Alajez M. Perceptions of undergraduate medical students on artificial intelligence in medicine: mixed-methods survey study from Palestine. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  53. Bharathi Mohan G, Prasanna Kumar R, Vishal Krishh P, Keerthinathan A, Lavanya G, Meghana M, Sulthana S, Doss S. An analysis of large language models: their impact and potential applications. Knowledge and Information Systems 2024;66(9):5047 View
  54. Yang S, Dong Y, Yu Z. ChatGPT in Education. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 2024;20(1):1 View
  55. Parsa S, Somani S, Dudum R, Jain S, Rodriguez F. Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Is it Ready for Prime Time?. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 2024;26(7):263 View
  56. Özbay Y. Evaluation of ChatGPT as a Multiple-Choice Question Generator in Dental Traumatology. Medical Records 2024;6(2):235 View
  57. Albadarin Y, Saqr M, Pope N, Tukiainen M. A systematic literature review of empirical research on ChatGPT in education. Discover Education 2024;3(1) View
  58. Li Z, Li F, Fu Q, Wang X, Liu H, Zhao Y, Ren W. Large language models and medical education: a paradigm shift in educator roles. Smart Learning Environments 2024;11(1) View
  59. Pregowska A, Perkins M. Artificial intelligence in medical education: Typologies and ethical approaches. Ethics & Bioethics 2024;14(1-2):96 View
  60. Susnjak T, McIntosh T. ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity?. Education Sciences 2024;14(6):656 View
  61. Ali D, Fatemi Y, Boskabadi E, Nikfar M, Ugwuoke J, Ali H. ChatGPT in Teaching and Learning: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences 2024;14(6):643 View
  62. Liu M, Okuhara T, Chang X, Shirabe R, Nishiie Y, Okada H, Kiuchi T. Performance of ChatGPT Across Different Versions in Medical Licensing Examinations Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e60807 View
  63. Zhai C, Wibowo S, Li L. The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students' cognitive abilities: a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments 2024;11(1) View
  64. Ong J, Chang S, William W, Butte A, Shah N, Chew L, Liu N, Doshi-Velez F, Lu W, Savulescu J, Ting D. Medical Ethics of Large Language Models in Medicine. NEJM AI 2024;1(7) View
  65. Özyurt S. AI-Assisted English Language Learning for Cross-Cultural Medical Education in Multilingual Settings. Experimental and Applied Medical Science 2024 View
  66. DiDonna N, Shetty P, Khan K, Damitz L. Unveiling the Potential of AI in Plastic Surgery Education: A Comparative Study of Leading AI Platforms’ Performance on In-training Examinations. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 2024;12(6):e5929 View
  67. Xu T, Weng H, Liu F, Yang L, Luo Y, Ding Z, Wang Q. Current Status of ChatGPT Use in Medical Education: Potentials, Challenges, and Strategies. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e57896 View
  68. Rossettini G, Rodeghiero L, Corradi F, Cook C, Pillastrini P, Turolla A, Castellini G, Chiappinotto S, Gianola S, Palese A. Comparative accuracy of ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Copilot and Google Gemini in the Italian entrance test for healthcare sciences degrees: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  69. Geantă M, Bădescu D, Chirca N, Nechita O, Radu C, Rascu Ș, Rădăvoi D, Sima C, Toma C, Jinga V. The Emerging Role of Large Language Models in Improving Prostate Cancer Literacy. Bioengineering 2024;11(7):654 View
  70. Huisman T, Huisman T. Artificial Intelligence in Newborn Medicine. Newborn 2024;3(2):96 View
  71. Zhui L, Fenghe L, Xuehu W, Qining F, Wei R. Ethical Considerations and Fundamental Principles of Large Language Models in Medical Education: Viewpoint. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e60083 View
  72. Lucas M, Yang J, Pomeroy J, Yang C. Reasoning with large language models for medical question answering. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(9):1964 View
  73. Wood D, Moss S. Evaluating the impact of students' generative AI use in educational contexts. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning 2024;17(2):152 View
  74. Haltaufderheide J, Ranisch R. The ethics of ChatGPT in medicine and healthcare: a systematic review on Large Language Models (LLMs). npj Digital Medicine 2024;7(1) View
  75. Jo E, Song S, Kim J, Lim S, Kim J, Cha J, Kim Y, Joo H. Assessing GPT-4’s Performance in Delivering Medical Advice: Comparative Analysis With Human Experts. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51282 View
  76. Johnsson V, Tolsgaard M. Why we should stop writing commentaries about AI. Medical Education 2024 View
  77. Moldt J, Festl-Wietek T, Fuhl W, Zabel S, Claassen M, Wagner S, Nieselt K, Herrmann-Werner A. Assessing AI Awareness and Identifying Essential Competencies: Insights From Key Stakeholders in Integrating AI Into Medical Education. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e58355 View
  78. Mistry N, Saeed H, Rafique S, Le T, Obaid H, Adams S. Large Language Models as Tools to Generate Radiology Board-Style Multiple-Choice Questions. Academic Radiology 2024;31(9):3872 View
  79. 张 宇, 白 春. 医学GPT的研发现状和应用前景. Metaverse in Medicine 2024:52 View
  80. Moon J, Lima N, Froula E, Li H, Newsome J, Trivedi H, Bercu Z, Wawira Gichoya J. Towards inclusive biodesign and innovation: lowering barriers to entry in medical device development through large language model tools. BMJ Health & Care Informatics 2024;31(1):e100952 View
  81. Sarangi P, Panda B, P. S, Pattanayak D, Panda S, Mondal H. Exploring Radiology Postgraduate Students' Engagement with Large Language Models for Educational Purposes: A Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2024 View
  82. Desouky E, Jallad S, Bhardwa J, Sharma H, Kalsi J. ChatGPT sitting for FRCS Urology examination: Will artificial intelligence get certified?. Journal of Clinical Urology 2024 View
  83. Zhui L, Yhap N, Liping L, Zhengjie W, Zhonghao X, Xiaoshu Y, Hong C, Xuexiu L, Wei R. Impact of Large Language Models on Medical Education and Teaching Adaptations. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e55933 View
  84. Almansour M, Alfhaid F. Generative artificial intelligence and the personalization of health professional education: A narrative review. Medicine 2024;103(31):e38955 View
  85. Hale J, Alexander S, Wright S, Gilliland K. Generative AI in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Rapid Review. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 2024;11 View
  86. Suresh S, Misra S. Large Language Models in Pediatric Education: Current Uses and Future Potential. Pediatrics 2024;154(3) View
  87. Moglia A, Georgiou K, Cerveri P, Mainardi L, Satava R, Cuschieri A. Large language models in healthcare: from a systematic review on medical examinations to a comparative analysis on fundamentals of robotic surgery online test. Artificial Intelligence Review 2024;57(9) View
  88. Guo E, Ramchandani R, Park Y, Gupta M. OSCEai: personalized interactive learning for undergraduate medical education. Canadian Medical Education Journal 2024 View
  89. Tong W, Zhang X, Zeng H, Pan J, Gong C, Zhang H. Reforming China’s Secondary Vocational Medical Education: Adapting to the Challenges and Opportunities of the AI Era. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e48594 View
  90. Bala W, Li H, Moon J, Trivedi H, Gichoya J, Balthazar P. Enhancing radiology training with GPT-4: Pilot analysis of automated feedback in trainee preliminary reports. Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 2024 View
  91. Samala A, Rawas S, Wang T, Reed J, Kim J, Howard N, Ertz M. Unveiling the landscape of generative artificial intelligence in education: a comprehensive taxonomy of applications, challenges, and future prospects. Education and Information Technologies 2024 View
  92. McIntosh T, Susnjak T, Liu T, Watters P, Halgamuge M. The Inadequacy of Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback—Radicalizing Large Language Models via Semantic Vulnerabilities. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2024;16(4):1561 View
  93. Sadeq M, Ghorab R, Ashry M, Abozaid A, Banihani H, Salem M, Aisheh M, Abuzahra S, Mourid M, Assker M, Ayyad M, Moawad M. AI chatbots show promise but limitations on UK medical exam questions: a comparative performance study. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1) View
  94. Arun G, Perumal V, Urias F, Ler Y, Tan B, Vallabhajosyula R, Tan E, Ng O, Ng K, Mogali S. ChatGPT versus a customized AI chatbot (Anatbuddy) for anatomy education: A comparative pilot study. Anatomical Sciences Education 2024;17(7):1396 View
  95. Thomae A, Witt C, Barth J. Integration of ChatGPT Into a Course for Medical Students: Explorative Study on Teaching Scenarios, Students’ Perception, and Applications. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e50545 View
  96. Tong R, Hu X. Future of Education with Neuro-Symbolic AI Agents in Self-Improving Adaptive Instructional Systems. Frontiers of Digital Education 2024;1(2):198 View
  97. Dinh T. The influence of implicit self-theories on ChatGPT usage. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 2024;41(5):524 View
  98. Quah B, Zheng L, Sng T, Yong C, Islam I. Reliability of ChatGPT in automated essay scoring for dental undergraduate examinations. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  99. Mudrik A, Nadkarni G, Efros O, Glicksberg B, Klang E, Soffer S. Exploring the role of Large Language Models in haematology: A focused review of applications, benefits and limitations. British Journal of Haematology 2024;205(5):1685 View
  100. Delgado‐Ruiz R, Kim A, Zhang H, Sullivan D, Awan K, Stathopoulou P. Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) in dental education: Opportunities, cautions, and recommendations. Journal of Dental Education 2024 View
  101. Evenstein Sigalov S, Cohen A, Nachmias R. Transforming higher education: a decade of integrating wikipedia and wikidata for literacy enhancement and social impact. Journal of Computers in Education 2024 View
  102. Fraga-Sastrías J, Navarrini H, Silva-Brehuer M, Espejo-González R, Olvera-Cortés H, Rubio-Martínez R. Uso de Chat-GPT para la generación y conducción de escenarios simulados para el aprendizaje de habilidades no técnicas. Revista Latinoamericana de Simulación Clínica 2024;6(2):64 View
  103. Chen S, Kuo H, Chang S. Perceptions of ChatGPT in healthcare: usefulness, trust, and risk. Frontiers in Public Health 2024;12 View
  104. Yu H, Fan L, Li L, Zhou J, Ma Z, Xian L, Hua W, He S, Jin M, Zhang Y, Gandhi A, Ma X. Large Language Models in Biomedical and Health Informatics: A Review with Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 2024;8(4):658 View
  105. Ning Y, Teixayavong S, Shang Y, Savulescu J, Nagaraj V, Miao D, Mertens M, Ting D, Ong J, Liu M, Cao J, Dunn M, Vaughan R, Ong M, Sung J, Topol E, Liu N. Generative artificial intelligence and ethical considerations in health care: a scoping review and ethics checklist. The Lancet Digital Health 2024;6(11):e848 View
  106. Wang S, Zhao Z, Ouyang X, Liu T, Wang Q, Shen D. Interactive computer-aided diagnosis on medical image using large language models. Communications Engineering 2024;3(1) View
  107. Su Z, Tang G, Huang R, Qiao Y, Zhang Z, Dai X. Based on Medicine, The Now and Future of Large Language Models. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering 2024;17(4):263 View
  108. Inojosa H, Voigt I, Wenk J, Ferber D, Wiest I, Antweiler D, Weicken E, Gilbert S, Kather J, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. Integrating large language models in care, research, and education in multiple sclerosis management. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2024;30(11-12):1392 View
  109. Fan K, Fan K. Dermatological Knowledge and Image Analysis Performance of Large Language Models Based on Specialty Certificate Examination in Dermatology. Dermato 2024;4(4):124 View
  110. Abdul Sami M, Abdul Samad M, Parekh K, Suthar P. Comparative Accuracy of ChatGPT 4.0 and Google Gemini in Answering Pediatric Radiology Text-Based Questions. Cureus 2024 View
  111. Raman R, Sreenivasan A, Suresh M, Gunasekaran A, Nedungadi P. AI-driven education: a comparative study on ChatGPT and Bard in supply chain management contexts. Cogent Business & Management 2024;11(1) View
  112. Severin R, Gagnon K. An Early Snapshot of Attitudes Toward Generative Artificial Intelligence in Physical Therapy Education. Journal of Physical Therapy Education 2024 View
  113. Song E, Lee S. Comparative Analysis of the Response Accuracies of Large Language Models in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination Across Korean and English Questions. International Journal of Dental Hygiene 2024 View
  114. Xu A, Piranio V, Speakman S, Rosen C, Lu S, Lamprecht C, Medina R, Corrielus M, Griffin I, Chatham C, Abchee N, Stribling D, Huynh P, Harrell H, Shickel B, Brennan M. A Pilot Study of Medical Student Opinions on Large Language Models. Cureus 2024 View
  115. De Clercq D, Nehring E, Mayne H, Mahdi A. Large language models can help boost food production, but be mindful of their risks. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024;7 View
  116. Luong J, Tzang C, McWatt S, Brassett C, Stearns D, Sagoo M, Kunzel C, Sakurai T, Chien C, Noel G, Wu A. Exploring Artificial Intelligence Readiness in Medical Students: Analysis of a Global Survey. Medical Science Educator 2024 View
  117. Liu M, Okuhara T, Chang X, Okada H, Kiuchi T, Khlaif Z. Performance of ChatGPT in medical licensing examinations in countries worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. PLOS ONE 2024;19(10):e0312771 View
  118. Albuquerque J, Rienties B, Holmes W, Hlosta M. From hype to evidence: exploring large language models for inter-group bias classification in higher education. Interactive Learning Environments 2024:1 View
  119. Tokgöz Kaplan T, Cankar M. Evidence‐Based Potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models on Dental Avulsion: ChatGPT Versus Gemini. Dental Traumatology 2024 View
  120. Liu F, Chang X, Zhu Q, Huang Y, Li Y, Wang H. Assessing clinical medicine students’ acceptance of large language model: based on technology acceptance model. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  121. Bicknell B, Butler D, Whalen S, Ricks J, Dixon C, Clark A, Spaedy O, Skelton A, Edupuganti N, Dzubinski L, Tate H, Dyess G, Lindeman B, Lehmann L. ChatGPT-4 Omni Performance in USMLE Disciplines and Clinical Skills: Comparative Analysis. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e63430 View
  122. Sarangi P, Datta S, Panda B, Panda S, Mondal H. Evaluating ChatGPT-4's Performance in Identifying Radiological Anatomy in FRCR Part 1 Examination Questions. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2024 View
  123. Eoh K, Kwon G, Lee E, Lee J, Lee I, Kim Y, Nam E. Efficacy of large language models and their potential in Obstetrics and Gynecology education. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 2024;67(6):550 View
  124. Aster A, Laupichler M, Rockwell-Kollmann T, Masala G, Bala E, Raupach T. ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models in Medical Education — Scoping Literature Review. Medical Science Educator 2024 View
  125. Popov V, Mateju N, Jeske C, Lewis K. Metaverse-based simulation: a scoping review of charting medical education over the last two decades in the lens of the ‘marvelous medical education machine’. Annals of Medicine 2024;56(1) View
  126. Deb Roy A, Bharat Jaiswal I, Nath Tiu D, Das D, Mondal S, Behera J, Mondal H. Assessing the Utilization of Large Language Model Chatbots for Educational Purposes by Medical Teachers: A Nationwide Survey From India. Cureus 2024 View
  127. Abdul Sami M, Abdul Samad M, Parekh K, Suthar P. ChatGPT-4 Turbo and Meta’s LLaMA 3.1: A Relative Analysis of Answering Radiology Text-Based Questions. Cureus 2024 View
  128. Dong B, Zhang L, Yuan J, Chen Y, Li Q, Shen L. Large language models: game-changers in the healthcare industry. Science Bulletin 2024 View
  129. Ballard D, Antigua-Made A, Barre E, Edney E, Gordon E, Kelahan L, Lodhi T, Martin J, Ozkan M, Serdynski K, Spieler B, Zhu D, Adams S. Impact of ChatGPT and Large Language Models on Radiology Education: Association of Academic Radiology—Radiology Research Alliance Task Force White Paper. Academic Radiology 2024 View
  130. Lee J, Park S, Shin J, Cho B. Analyzing evaluation methods for large language models in the medical field: a scoping review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2024;24(1) View
  131. Liu Z, Bao Y, Zeng S, Qian R, Deng M, Gu A, Li J, Wang W, Cai W, Li W, Wang H, Xu D, Lin G. Large Language Models in Psychiatry: Current Applications, Limitations, and Future Scope. Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024;7(4):1148 View
  132. Kaewboonlert N, Poontananggul J, Pongsuwan N, Bhakdisongkhram G. Factors Associated with Accuracy of Large Language Models Artificial Intelligence in Basic Medical Science Examinations: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint). JMIR Medical Education 2024 View
  133. Jin H, Kim E. Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the Korean Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparison Study. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e57451 View
  134. Thesen T, Alilonu N, Stone S. AI Patient Actor: An Open-Access Generative-AI App for Communication Training in Health Professions. Medical Science Educator 2024 View
  135. Shen B, Zong H, Wu R, Cha J, Wang J, Wu E, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Feng W. Large Language Models in Worldwide Medical Exams: Platform Development and Comprehensive Analysis (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Gökoğlu S. Transforming Education With Generative AI. View
  2. Matheis P, John J. Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. View
  3. Haidar A. Preparing Students for the Future Educational Paradigm. View
  4. Patrício M, Gonçalves B. Information Technology and Systems. View
  5. Jiang N, Duffy V. Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. View
  6. Zhang F, Yang K, Zhao C, Li H, Dong X, Tian H, Zhou X. Bioinformatics Research and Applications. View
  7. Chakraborty S, Misra B, Dey N. AI-Empowered Knowledge Management in Education. View
  8. Varghese N, Ramasamy G. Intersection of AI and Business Intelligence in Data-Driven Decision-Making. View
  9. Li M, Wang X. Artificial Intelligence for Future Society. View
  10. A. Gould J, P. Stawicki S, Yimeng Lee R, Ng-Pellegrino A. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Surgery - An Exploration of Current Trends, Potential Opportunities, and Evolving Threats - Volume 2. View
  11. Musunuri R, Bhatt A. Improving Healthcare Quality and Patient Engagement. View
  12. Mansour N, Msheik El-Khoury F, Zaatari G, Harb M. Higher Education in the Arab World. View
  13. Canelas-Pais M, Coutinho Almeida J, Magalhães Araujo S, Maia Rafael F, Cruz-Correia R, Pereira Rodrigues P. Artificial Intelligence for Drug Product Lifecycle Applications. View
  14. James L, Genga L, Montagne B, Hagenaars M, Van Gorp P. Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2024. View
  15. Nawaz F, Opriessnig E, Usman F, Agrohi J, Arshad Z, Kashyap R, Anwar S. Precision Health in the Digital Age. View