Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Medical Education

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Articles published in 2026 in this theme: 50 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2026

Acupuncturist's gloved hand inserts needle into patient's skin for acupuncture treatment.

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Application of Immersive and Semi-Immersive Extended Reality Training Systems in Acupuncture Education: Scoping Review

Hyein Jeong, Junmoo Ahn, Kyeong Han Kim, Hojung Lee, Taehoon Bang, Min Jun Kang, Sangjun Lee, Youngju Rhee, Hyunsuk Park, Seung Kyu Kim, Seong-Gyu Ko

JMIR Serious Games 2026 (Oct 21); 14:e93369

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Two medical professionals in blue scrubs examine urology scans on interactive displays.

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Integrating Large Language Models and Metaverse-Related Technologies in Urology Education: Viewpoint

Peizhe Li, Huijie Gong, Heyang Liu, Siyu Han, Yiqin Lu, Yongji Yan

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Oct 19); 12:e93235

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Surgeon uses VR headset and controllers for virtual bladder surgery simulation

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Immersive 3D vs Physical Simulation in Training Novices for Laser-Based Endourological Procedures: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Joséphine-Charlotte Coleman, Matthias J Witti, Natalia Wirtz, Maximilian Aumiller, Adrian Rühm, Ronald Sroka, Tamira Büttner, Benedikt Duckworth-Mothes, Matthias Stadler

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Oct 06); 15:e94628

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Robot assists patient on hospital bed while nurse uses VR

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Virtual Reality–Enabled Physical AI Training for Supportive Nursing Robotics: Nurse-in-the-Loop, Site-Specific Conceptual Framework

Seungman Kim

JMIR Nursing 2026 (Oct 05); 9:e96848

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Doctor in VR headset using virtual reality for medical training

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Integration of Virtual and Augmented Reality Into Obstetric Nursing and Midwifery Education: Systematic Review

Mariana Luisa Firmiano, Ana Paula Assunção Moreira, Flaviana Vely Mendonça Vieira, Carla Sa-Couto, Alexandrina Cardoso

JMIR Nursing 2026 (Oct 05); 9:e90252

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Dentist training with VR dental simulation equipment

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Virtual Reality–Based Mirror Guidance for Indirect Vision Training in Minimally Invasive Endodontic Access Cavity Preparation Among Dental Students: Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

Unthitar Suranin, Metasit Getrak, Siriwan Suebnukarn, Peter Haddawy, Myat Su Yin, Rene Weller, Panuroot Aguilar, Kamon Budsaba, Andre Mühlenbrock, Gabriel Zachmann

JMIR Serious Games 2026 (Oct 01); 14:e100884

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VR simulation of medical injection training with syringes and virtual objects.

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Development and Educational Evaluation of a Radiation Visualization System in a Virtual Reality Training Module for Radiopharmaceutical Administration: Mixed Methods Study of Students’ Learning Experiences

Akihiro Kakimoto, Shota Watanabe, Sakura Minemoto, Ayaka Yasumatsu, Shin Hasegawa, Yutaka Otaka, Daisuke Fujise

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Sep 30); 12:e104397

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MedisimVR virtual reality simulation lab with VR headsets

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Refining the Immersive Technology Evaluation Measure for Virtual Reality Clinical Skills Among Native Arabic-Speaking Medical Students: Qualitative Study

Afaf Sulaiman Alblooshi, Falah Mohammed Almarzooqi, Taleb M Almansoori, Anmol Punn, Marwa Gaffar Alameen, Alexander Kieu, Faten Abdullah AlRadini

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Sep 28); 12:e95904

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Doctor wearing VR headset and gloves, exploring medical technology

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Effectiveness and Safety of Virtual Reality Interventions for Symptom Management in Adults Undergoing Hemodialysis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Jiayu Deng, Wanyi Liu, Xiu Wang, Jing Hu, Hao Zhang, Jing Zeng

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Sep 28); 28:e102331

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Doctor using VR headset for medical training and virtual reality in healthcare.

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Evidence for Clinical Skills Training Using Virtual Reality in Nursing and Midwifery Education: Protocol for an Umbrella Review

Tshepo Kabelo Mohale, Emelda Zandile Gumede, Olivia Baorapetsi Baloyi, Wilma ten Ham- Baloyi

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Sep 25); 15:e94779

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Woman wearing a VR headset and holding a controller

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Effectiveness of Scenario-Driven Virtual Reality for Improving Nursing Students’ Behavioral Responses Toward Older Adults With Dementia: Protocol for a 4-Arm Postintervention Study

Dianis Wulan Sari, Hadziq Fabroyir, Neisya Pratiwindya Sudarsiwi, Manami Takaoka, Nurul Hidayati, Etty Rekawati, Muhammad Rafi Insan Fillah, Widian Sasi Disertasiani, Nauvila Fitrotul 'Aini, Nur Arifah Astri, Gerry Sihaj, Harits Ar Rosyid, Andika Bagus Nur Rahma Putra, Ayumi Igarashi

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Sep 22); 15:e95684

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Young girl with cerebral palsy using a tablet in a specialized stroller outdoors

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Effects of Virtual Reality–Based Intervention Combined With Conventional Therapy on Upper-Limb Function in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Chengqian Feng, Yang Li, Letian Cheng, Baizhen Xiong, Zhicheng Lin, Caihua Huang

JMIR Serious Games 2026 (Aug 26); 14:e98694

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Man in VR headset uses robotic arm for physical therapy

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Exploratory Patterns of Task Difficulty and Visual Feedback in Virtual Reality–Based Upper-Limb Trajectory Training

Yu Shi, Sophie Dewil, Zachary Marvin, Noam Y Harel, Raviraj Nataraj

JMIR XR Spatial Comput 2026 (Aug 21); 3:e94745

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VR scene with hands reaching for a glove dispenser, red and blue buttons labeled "Patient ist hirntot" and "Patient nicht hirntot

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Olfactory Cues and Patient Safety Behavior in Virtual Reality Medical Simulation: Controlled Trial

Anna Junga, Pascal Kockwelp, Jennifer Dabel, Sönke Helmut Scherzer, Benjamin Risse, Markus Holling, Bernhard Marschall, Hendrik Friederichs

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Aug 19); 12:e93148

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Man uses VR headset for physical therapy, guided by virtual instructor

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Effects of an Immersive 180° Video–Based Virtual Reality Instructional Module on Learning Satisfaction, Technology Acceptance, Motivation, and Quiz-Based Learning Achievement in Undergraduate Physical Therapy Students: Randomized Controlled Trial

Hyoshil Yoon, Yongwoo Lee

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Aug 14); 12:e94122

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Nurse using VR headset to interact with holographic medical equipment in a hospital room.

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Augmented Reality–Based Training for a Rapid Blood Transfusion Device Among Emergency Nurses: Randomized Controlled Trial

Wooyoung Jang, Wooree Chai, Yeji Kim, Youjung Moon, Suyoung Yoo, Sun Gyoung Na, Meong Hi Son, Soyeon Shin

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Aug 13); 12:e98073

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Nurse in VR headset practicing virtual reality medical training

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Different Delivery Modalities of Virtual Reality Training in Emergency Medicine: Systematic Review

Marianna Costa, Martina Codato, Giorgia Brugnera, Silvia Galiazzo, Elisabetta Cantele, Todd P Chang, Silvia Bressan

JMIR XR Spatial Comput 2026 (Jul 31); 3:e84310

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Doctor using VR headset to interact with medical data

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Effectiveness of Virtual Reality–Based Simulation Training as a Supplement to Traditional Simulation Training for Improving Neonatal Resuscitation Performance Among Doctors and Nurses in Denmark: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Hanna Rahimi, Anja Poulsen, Jette Led Sørensen, Ida Madeline Hoffmann, Amalie Middelboe Sohlin, Line Klingen Gjærde, Stine Lund

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Jul 24); 15:e93439

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Doctor using VR headset with laptop and stethoscope

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Patient Perception of the Use of the Apple Vision Pro Virtual Reality Headset in an Anesthesiology Informed Consent Process: Prospective Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

Sabrina Chriqui, John Francis Ryan, Bao Kien Luu, Minh Tran, Byron Fergerson, Alan You, Christian Dameff, Preetham John Suresh, Jeffrey Logan Tully

JMIR XR Spatial Comput 2026 (Jul 23); 3:e95806

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Man in VR headset watches sports and activities on a virtual screen

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