Virtual Patients

Development of a GPT-4–Powered Virtual Simulated Patient and Communication Training Platform for Medical Students to Practice Discussing Abnormal Mammogram Results With Patients: Multiphase Study

Dan Weisman, Alanna Sugarman, Yue Ming Huang, Lillian Gelberg, Patricia A Ganz, Warren Scott Comulada

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Apr 17); 9:e65670

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Generating Artificial Patients With Reliable Clinical Characteristics Using a Geometry-Based Variational Autoencoder: Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Study

Fabrice Ferré, Stéphanie Allassonnière, Clément Chadebec, Vincent Minville

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Apr 17); 27:e63130

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Virtual Patients Using Large Language Models: Scalable, Contextualized Simulation of Clinician-Patient Dialogue With Feedback

David A Cook, Joshua Overgaard, V Shane Pankratz, Guilherme Del Fiol, Chris A Aakre

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Apr 04); 27:e68486

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Extended Reality–Enhanced Mental Health Consultation Training: Quantitative Evaluation Study

Katherine Hiley, Zanib Bi-Mohammad, Luke Taylor, Rebecca Burgess-Dawson, Dominic Patterson, Devon Puttick-Whiteman, Christopher Gay, Janette Hiscoe, Chris Munsch, Sally Richardson, Mark Knowles-Lee, Celia Beecham, Neil Ralph, Arunangsu Chatterjee, Ryan Mathew, Faisal Mushtaq

JMIR Med Educ 2025 (Apr 02); 11:e64619

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Augmenting Insufficiently Accruing Oncology Clinical Trials Using Generative Models: Validation Study

Samer El Kababji, Nicholas Mitsakakis, Elizabeth Jonker, Ana-Alicia Beltran-Bless, Gregory Pond, Lisa Vandermeer, Dhenuka Radhakrishnan, Lucy Mosquera, Alexander Paterson, Lois Shepherd, Bingshu Chen, William Barlow, Julie Gralow, Marie-France Savard, Christian Fesl, Dominik Hlauschek, Marija Balic, Gabriel Rinnerthaler, Richard Greil, Michael Gnant, Mark Clemons, Khaled El Emam

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Mar 05); 27:e66821

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Virtual Patient Simulations Using Social Robotics Combined With Large Language Models for Clinical Reasoning Training in Medical Education: Mixed Methods Study

Alexander Borg, Carina Georg, Benjamin Jobs, Viking Huss, Kristin Waldenlind, Mini Ruiz, Samuel Edelbring, Gabriel Skantze, Ioannis Parodis

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Mar 03); 27:e63312

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Exploring Nursing Students’ Experiences of Empathy and User Experiences in an Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation Game: Cross-Sectional Study

Jaana-Maija Koivisto, Sanna Kämäräinen, Katri Mattsson, Satu Jumisko-Pyykkö, Riikka Ikonen, Elina Haavisto

JMIR Serious Games 2025 (Feb 13); 13:e62688

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Virtual Reality Simulation for Undergraduate Nursing Students for Care of Patients With Infectious Diseases: Mixed Methods Study

Wen Chang, Chun-Chih Lin, Julia Crilly, Hui-Ling Lee, Li-Chin Chen, Chin-Yen Han

JMIR Med Educ 2025 (Feb 11); 11:e64780

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Understanding Community Health Care Through Problem-Based Learning With Real-Patient Videos: Single-Arm Pre-Post Mixed Methods Study

Kiyoshi Shikino, Kazuyo Yamauchi, Nobuyuki Araki, Ikuo Shimizu, Hajime Kasai, Tomoko Tsukamoto, Hiroshi Tajima, Yu Li, Misaki Onodera, Shoichi Ito

JMIR Med Educ 2025 (Jan 31); 11:e68743

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Collaborative Development of Feedback Concept Maps for Virtual Patient–Based Clinical Reasoning Education: Mixed Methods Study

Anja Mayer, Inga Hege, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Anja Müller, Małgorzata Sudacka

JMIR Med Educ 2025 (Jan 30); 11:e57331

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Integrating GPT-Based AI into Virtual Patients to Facilitate Communication Training Among Medical First Responders: Usability Study of Mixed Reality Simulation

Rodrigo Gutiérrez Maquilón, Jakob Uhl, Helmut Schrom-Feiertag, Manfred Tscheligi

JMIR Form Res 2024 (Dec 11); 8:e58623

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Effectiveness of Virtual Simulations Versus Mannequins and Real Persons in Medical and Nursing Education: Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nan Jiang, Yuelun Zhang, Siyu Liang, Xiaohong Lyu, Shi Chen, Xiaoming Huang, Hui Pan

J Med Internet Res 2024 (Dec 05); 26:e56195

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Enhancing Medical Interview Skills Through AI-Simulated Patient Interactions: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

Akira Yamamoto, Masahide Koda, Hiroko Ogawa, Tomoko Miyoshi, Yoshinobu Maeda, Fumio Otsuka, Hideo Ino

JMIR Med Educ 2024 (Sep 23); 10:e58753

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Increasing Realism and Variety of Virtual Patient Dialogues for Prenatal Counseling Education Through a Novel Application of ChatGPT: Exploratory Observational Study

Megan Gray, Austin Baird, Taylor Sawyer, Jasmine James, Thea DeBroux, Michelle Bartlett, Jeanne Krick, Rachel Umoren

JMIR Med Educ 2024 (Feb 01); 10:e50705

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Education of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Mobile Virtual Patient Environment: Protocol for a Multicenter Pseudorandomized Controlled Trial

Panagiotis Antoniou, Eleni Dafli, George Giannakoulas, Gaukhar Igimbayeva, Olga Visternichan, Serhii Kyselov, Ivetta Lykhasenko, Dmytro Lashkul, Ilia Nadareishvili, Sergo Tabagari, Panagiotis D Bamidis

JMIR Res Protoc 2024 (Jan 23); 13:e45946

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A Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT)–Powered Chatbot as a Simulated Patient to Practice History Taking: Prospective, Mixed Methods Study

Friederike Holderried, Christian Stegemann–Philipps, Lea Herschbach, Julia-Astrid Moldt, Andrew Nevins, Jan Griewatz, Martin Holderried, Anne Herrmann-Werner, Teresa Festl-Wietek, Moritz Mahling

JMIR Med Educ 2024 (Jan 16); 10:e53961

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Challenges for Medical Students in Applying Ethical Principles to Allocate Life-Saving Medical Devices During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis

Hsing-yen Hsieh, Chyi-her Lin, Ruyi Huang, Guan-chun Lin, Jhen-Yu Lin, Clydie Aldana

JMIR Med Educ 2024 (Jan 05); 10:e52711

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Virtual Reality Technology in Nursing Professional Skills Training: Bibliometric Analysis

Chengang Hong, Liping Wang

JMIR Serious Games 2023 (Aug 21); 11:e44766

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Artificial Intelligence Versus Human-Controlled Doctor in Virtual Reality Simulation for Sepsis Team Training: Randomized Controlled Study

Sok Ying Liaw, Jian Zhi Tan, Khairul Dzakirin Bin Rusli, Rabindra Ratan, Wentao Zhou, Siriwan Lim, Tang Ching Lau, Betsy Seah, Wei Ling Chua

J Med Internet Res 2023 (Jul 26); 25:e47748

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interactive Virtual Patients for Medical Education in Zambia: Randomized Controlled Trial

Rebecca Horst, Lea-Mara Witsch, Rayford Hazunga, Natasha Namuziya, Gardner Syakantu, Yusuf Ahmed, Omar Cherkaoui, Petros Andreadis, Florian Neuhann, Sandra Barteit

JMIR Med Educ 2023 (Jun 29); 9:e43699

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