Published on in Vol 10 (2024)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/59213, first published .
A Language Model–Powered Simulated Patient With Automated Feedback for History Taking: Prospective Study

A Language Model–Powered Simulated Patient With Automated Feedback for History Taking: Prospective Study

A Language Model–Powered Simulated Patient With Automated Feedback for History Taking: Prospective Study

Journals

  1. Brügge E, Ricchizzi S, Arenbeck M, Keller M, Schur L, Stummer W, Holling M, Lu M, Darici D. Large language models improve clinical decision making of medical students through patient simulation and structured feedback: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  2. Çiçek F, Ülker M, Özer M, Kıyak Y. ChatGPT versus expert feedback on clinical reasoning questions and their effect on learning: a randomized controlled trial. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2025;101(1195):458 View
  3. Jiang Y, Fu X, Wang J, Liu Q, Wang X, Liu P, Fu R, Shi J, Wu Y. Enhancing medical education with chatbots: a randomized controlled trial on standardized patients for colorectal cancer. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  4. Masters K, MacNeil H, Benjamin J, Carver T, Nemethy K, Valanci-Aroesty S, Taylor D, Thoma B, Thesen T. Artificial Intelligence in Health Professions Education assessment: AMEE Guide No. 178. Medical Teacher 2025;47(9):1410 View
  5. Yi Y, Kim K. The feasibility of using generative artificial intelligence for history taking in virtual patients. BMC Research Notes 2025;18(1) View
  6. Yuan Y, He J, Wang F, Li Y, Guan C, Jiang C. AI agent as a simulated patient for history-taking training in clinical clerkship: an example in stomatology. Global Medical Education 2025 View
  7. Patil N, Kou N, Baptista‐Hon D, Monteiro O. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Practical Guide for Educators. MedComm – Future Medicine 2025;4(2) View
  8. Lo N, Wong A, Chan S. The impact of generative AI on essay revisions and student engagement. Computers and Education Open 2025;9:100249 View
  9. Kim K. Technology-enhanced learning in medical education in the age of artificial intelligence. Forum for Education Studies 2025;3(2):2730 View
  10. Eoh K. Prospects and applications of artificial intelligence and large language models in obstetrics and gynecology education: a narrative review. Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2025;68(3):161 View
  11. Yang B, Zhou F, Bai N, Zhou S, Luo C, Wang Q, Wong A, Lin F. Digital and Intelligence Education in Medicine: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Frontiers of Digital Education 2025;2(1) View
  12. Weisman D, Sugarman A, Huang Y, Gelberg L, Ganz P, Comulada W. Development of a GPT-4–Powered Virtual Simulated Patient and Communication Training Platform for Medical Students to Practice Discussing Abnormal Mammogram Results With Patients: Multiphase Study. JMIR Formative Research 2025;9:e65670 View
  13. Hong E, Kazmir S, Dylik B, Auerbach M, Rosati M, Athanasopoulou S, Himmelstein R, Whitfill T, Johnston L, Wolbrink T, Rosen A, Gross I. Exploring the Use of a Large Language Model in Simulation Debriefing: An Observational Simulation-Based Pilot Study. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 2025 View
  14. Hirosawa T, Yokose M, Sakamoto T, Harada Y, Tokumasu K, Mizuta K, Shimizu T. Utility of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Japanese Medical Interview Training: Randomized Crossover Pilot Study. JMIR Medical Education 2025;11:e77332 View
  15. Wang Z, Fan T, Li M, Zhu N, Wang X. Feasibility study of using GPT for history-taking training in medical education: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  16. Aster A, Lotz A, Laupichler M, Raupach T. Impact of providing a customized guideline on virtual medical history taking in two serious games for medical education. Medical Education Online 2025;30(1) View
  17. Hoo K, Shuy Y, Tay J, Chew Q, Sim K. Use of Virtual Patients and Related Training Outcomes in Postgraduate Psychiatry Residency Education: A Scoping Review. Academic Psychiatry 2025 View
  18. Luo M, Bi S, Pang J, Liu L, Tsui C, Lai Y, Chen W, Yang Y, Xu K, Zhao L, Jin L, Lin D, Wu X, Chen J, Chen R, Liu Z, Zou Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Lin H. A large language model digital patient system enhances ophthalmology history taking skills. npj Digital Medicine 2025;8(1) View
  19. Kıyak Y, Emekli E, İş Kara T, Coşkun Ö, Budakoğlu I. AI Teaches Surgical Diagnostic Reasoning to Medical Students: Evidence from an Experiment Using a Fully Automated, Low-Cost Feedback System. Journal of Surgical Education 2025;82(10):103639 View
  20. Huh C, Lee J, Kim G, Jang Y, Ko H, Suh M, Hwang S, Son H, Song J, Kim S, Kim K, Kim S, Kim C, Ko Y. Using Large Language Models to Simulate History Taking: Implications for Symptom-Based Medical Education. Information 2025;16(8):653 View
  21. Thesen T, O’Brien W, Stone S, Pinto-Powell R. Generative AI as the First Patient: Practice, Feedback, and Confidence. Medical Science Educator 2025 View
  22. Nagge J, Richard C, Bennett B, Tang F, Clapperton R. AI-Enabled Virtual Clinic Impact on Pharmacist Confidence in Managing Warfarin: Implications for Experiential Education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2025;89(10):101494 View
  23. Janssen E, McLagan R, Habeck J, Chung S, McArthur E, Anderson P. Barriers to breakthroughs: A scoping review of generative AI in healthcare simulation. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 2025;107:101791 View
  24. Liu Y, Shi C, Wu L, Lin X, Chen X, Zhu Y, Tan H, Zhang W. Development and Validation of a Large Language Model–Based System for Medical History-Taking Training: Prospective Multicase Study on Evaluation Stability, Human-AI Consistency, and Transparency. JMIR Medical Education 2025;11:e73419 View
  25. Breuer T, Frihat S, Fuhr N, Lewandowski D, Schaer P, Schenkel R. Large Language Models for Information Retrieval: Challenges and Chances. Datenbank-Spektrum 2025;25(2):71 View
  26. Gao C, Gheihman G, Kaplan T, McCoy L, Collins L, Wenzel T, Paul A, Reda H, Stein L, Kimbaris G, Sutherland H, Stacpoole S, Milligan T, Goh R, Bacchi S. Education Research: Creating Online Interactive Case-Based Learning Experiences From Educational Case Reports With Large Language Models. Neurology Education 2025;4(4) View
  27. Damaševičius R, Maskeliūnas R, Blažauskas T. Enhancing Virtual Medical History Taking: Effects of Customized Guidelines in Two Serious Games for Medical Education. Annals of Pharmacy Education, Safety, and Public Health Advocacy 2025;5(1):39 View
  28. Neo N, Gunawan J, Levett-Jones T, Khoo E, Chua W, Liaw S. Generative artificial intelligence in healthcare simulation-based education: A scoping review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 2025;108:101819 View
  29. Sheth U, Lo M, McCarthy J, Baath N, Last N, Guo E, Monteiro S, Sibbald M. Understanding the Role of Large Language Model Virtual Patients in Developing Communication and Clinical Skills in Undergraduate Medical Education. International Medical Education 2025;4(4):39 View
  30. Fiskawarni T, Nurfadilah N, Saad R, Bancong H. Educational technology and assessment: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (2010–2024). Discover Education 2025;4(1) View
  31. Li D, Lebai Lutfi S. LLM-based Virtual Patient Systems for History-Taking in Medical Education: A Comprehensive Systematic Review (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics 2025 View
  32. Bentegeac R, Florens N, Maanaoui M, Maisons V, Lanot A, Bobot M, Brilland B, Glowacki F, Gérard E, Hazzan M, Amouyel P, Le Guellec B, Hamroun A. ECOSBot: a multicenter validation pilot study of a generative AI tool for OSCE-based nephrology training. Clinical Kidney Journal 2025;18(10) View
  33. Cevallos López G, Ubillús Reyes J, Chocobar Reyes E. Argumentos a favor de permitir o prohibir el uso de la inteligencia artificial generativa por estudiantes. Una revisión sistemática. European Public & Social Innovation Review 2025;11:1 View
  34. Comulada W, Ganz P, Huang Y, Weisman D, Sugarman A, Lee D, Shah S, Gelberg L. A Pilot Test of an AI Voice-Driven Simulation With Feedback for Medical Students to Practice Discussing Diagnostic Mammogram Results With Patients. Cureus 2025 View
  35. Tinajero C. The Pediatric Surgeon's AI Toolbox: How Large Language Models Like ChatGPT Are Simplifying Practice and Expanding Global Access. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2025 View
  36. Zeng J, Qi W, Shen S, Liu X, Li S, Wang B, Dong C, Zhu X, Shi Y, Lou X, Wang B, Yao J, Jiang G, Zhang Q, Cao S. Embracing the Future of Medical Education With Large Language Model–Based Virtual Patients: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e79091 View
  37. Jo Y, Lee M, Yang H. Large Language Model-Based Virtual Patient Simulations in Medical and Nursing Education: A Review. Applied Sciences 2025;15(22):11917 View
  38. Stoco J, Araújo J, Peres A, Oliveira G, Peres G. Simulating Physician–Patient Interactions Using Generative Artificial Intelligence: An Educational Tool for Medical Students. Cureus Journal of Computer Science 2025 View
  39. Herschbach L, Festl-Wietek T, Stegemann-Philipps C, Sonanini A, Herrmann B, Erschens R, Herrmann-Werner A, Holderried F. Evaluation of an AI-Based Chatbot Providing Real-Time Feedback in Communication Training for Mental Health Care Professionals: Proof-of-Concept Observational Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e82818 View
  40. Scholl S, Judd C, MacMahon A. Beyond the Grade: Exploring Written Feedback in a Pediatric Clerkship. Military Medicine 2025 View
  41. Elhilali A, Ngo A, Reichenpfader D, Denecke K. Large language model-based patient simulation to foster communication skills in healthcare professionals: User-centered development and usability study (Preprint). JMIR Medical Education 2025 View
  42. Bartkowski J, Zerdka J, Brasse P, Piszka M, Kwapien E, Staszkiewicz K, Kubicka M, Staszkiewicz K, Czarnecki F. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine With Emphasis on Orthopedic Practice. Cureus 2025 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Cao J, Zhao C, Chen X, Wang S, Schunn C, Koedinger K, Lin J. Artificial Intelligence in Education. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Alyahyan E, Ada M, Lever J. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). A Systematic Mapping of Large Language Models as Feedback Provider in Higher Education View