Effect of Large Language Model–Powered Virtual Standardized Patients on History-Taking Among Undergraduate Medical Students: Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

Yuchen He   ^{1 *} , MM ;   Chen Chen   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , MD ;   Rong Yin   ⁴ , MSc ;   Wuyang Zhang   ¹ , MTI ;   Haoli Chang   ⁵ , MM ;   Wei Yang   ⁶ , MD ;   Fei Li   ^{3, 7} , MD ;   Xinhua Li   ¹ , MD ;   Zhuying Xia   ⁵ , MD ;   Xiaoyun Xie   ⁸ , MD ;   Jing Huang   ⁸ , MD ;   Qiuming Zeng   ^{3, 9, 10} , MD ;   Guang Yang   ¹¹ , MD ;   Jing Wu   ^{1, 3, 5, 12} , MD

¹ Clinical Skills Training Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

² Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

³ National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

⁴ Teaching and Research Section of Diagnostics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

⁵ Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

⁶ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

⁷ Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

⁸ Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

⁹ Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

¹⁰ Clinical Research Center for Neuroimmune and Neuromuscular disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

¹¹ Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

¹² Hunan Engineering Research Center for Obesity and its Metabolic Complications, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

*these authors contributed equally