e-Learning, Distance Education, and Virtual and Augmented Reality in Orthopedic Training: European Cross-Sectional Survey of Trainee Acceptance Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

Adam Tibor Schlegl   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Marko Ostojić   ^{3, 4} , MD, PhD ;   Ines Unterfrauner   ⁵ , MD ;   Gianluca Ciolli   ^{6, 7} , MD ;   Panayiotis D Megaloikonomos   ⁸ , MD, PhD ;   Vasilios G Igoumenou   ⁹ , MD, PhD ;   Michele Mercurio   ¹⁰ , MD ;   Thomas Stark   ¹¹ , MD ;   David Kordic   ¹² , MD ;   Martijn Dietvorst   ¹³ , MD, PhD ;   Filipe Lima Santos   ¹⁴ , MD ;   Viktória Nyakas   ¹ , MD ;   Luca Tóth   ^{15, 16} , MD, PhD ;   András Komócsi   ¹⁷ , MD, PhD, DSC ;   Péter Maróti   ^{2, 18} , MD, PhD ;   András Matuz   ^{19, 20} , PhD

¹ Department of Orthopaedics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

² Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

³ Traumatology Department, University Hospital Sisters of Mercy, Zagreb, Croatia

⁴ Osteon Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Clinic, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

⁵ Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁶ Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, Rome, Italy

⁷ Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

⁸ First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

⁹ Department of Spine Surgery, Medius Klinik Nürtingen, Nürtingen, Germany

¹⁰ Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, "Renato Dulbecco" University Hospital, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy

¹¹ Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Clinic, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

¹² Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

¹³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Máxima Medisch Centrum, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

¹⁴ Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal

¹⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

¹⁶ Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

¹⁷ Heart Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

¹⁸ 3D Printing and Visualization Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

¹⁹ Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

²⁰ Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary