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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Education (790) Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics (161) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (1197) Theme Issue: ChatGPT and Generative Language Models in Medical Education (144) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (1559)

Published on in Vol 11 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/76925, first published .
Pharmacist in white coat using tablet in pharmacy aisle with shelves of medicine.

Performance Evaluation of 18 Generative AI Models (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity) in 2024 Japanese Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Study

Performance Evaluation of 18 Generative AI Models (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity) in 2024 Japanese Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Study

Authors of this article:

Hiroyasu Sato1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Katsuhiko Ogasawara3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Hidehiko Sakurai2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (7) Tweetations (1) Metrics

Journals

  1. Tran T, Le U, Phan V. Evaluating the Accuracy and Educational Potential of Generative AI Models in Pharmacy Education: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini Across Bloom’s Taxonomy. Pharmacy 2025;14(1):1 View
  2. Yoon Y, Baek W, Jo H, Hong C, Ji Y. The potential impact of generative AI across Miller’s pyramid of clinical competence: A systematic review. Nurse Education in Practice 2026;92:104775 View
  3. Kiyomiya K, Sato H, Omata A, Wakabayashi S, Ohno Y, Kawazoe H, Ohtani H. Current Use and Challenges of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Hospital Pharmacist Practice: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey. Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 2026;52(3):136 View
  4. Huang C, Sun Y, Liu W. A comparative study of the performance of different large language models in the Chinese National Pharmacist Licensing Examination. Frontiers in Medicine 2026;13 View
  5. Erdoğan A, Çiçek O. Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models as Virtual Orthodontic Patient Information Assistants. Journal of International Dental Sciences 2026;12(2):82 View
  6. Wan Salleh W, Abd Rahim N. Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacology Education Across Undergraduate Health Professions Programmes: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 2026;9(3):145 View
  7. Khare P, Shahane P. Artificial intelligence–enabled antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals: A comprehensive review with a focus on pharmacist-led optimization. Intelligent Hospital 2026:100112 View