Evaluation of ChatGPT-Generated Differential Diagnosis for Common Diseases With Atypical Presentation: Descriptive Research

Kiyoshi Shikino   ^{1, 2} , MHPE, MD, PhD ;   Taro Shimizu   ³ , MSc, MPH, MBA, MD, PhD ;   Yuki Otsuka   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Masaki Tago   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Hiromizu Takahashi   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Takashi Watari   ⁷ , MHQS, MD, PhD ;   Yosuke Sasaki   ⁸ , MD, PhD ;   Gemmei Iizuka   ^{9, 10} , MD, PhD ;   Hiroki Tamura   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Koichi Nakashima   ¹¹ , MD ;   Kotaro Kunitomo   ¹² , MD ;   Morika Suzuki   ^{12, 13} , MD, PhD ;   Sayaka Aoyama   ¹⁴ , MD ;   Shintaro Kosaka   ¹⁵ , MD ;   Teiko Kawahigashi   ¹⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Tomohiro Matsumoto   ¹⁷ , MD, DDS, PhD ;   Fumina Orihara   ¹⁷ , MD ;   Toru Morikawa   ¹⁸ , MD, PhD ;   Toshinori Nishizawa   ¹⁹ , MD ;   Yoji Hoshina   ¹³ , MD ;   Yu Yamamoto   ²⁰ , MD ;   Yuichiro Matsuo   ²¹ , MPH, MD ;   Yuto Unoki   ²² , MD ;   Hirofumi Kimura   ²² , MD ;   Midori Tokushima   ²³ , MD ;   Satoshi Watanuki   ²⁴ , MBA, MD ;   Takuma Saito   ²⁴ , MD ;   Fumio Otsuka   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Yasuharu Tokuda   ^{25, 26} , MPH, MD, PhD

¹ Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan

² Department of Community-Oriented Medical Education, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

³ Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

⁴ Department of General Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

⁵ Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan

⁶ Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

⁷ Integrated Clinical Education Center Hospital Integrated Clinical Education, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan

⁸ Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

⁹ Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

¹⁰ Tama Family Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan

¹¹ Department of General Medicine, Awa Regional Medical Center, Chiba, Japan

¹² Department of General Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan

¹³ Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

¹⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan

¹⁵ Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁶ Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States

¹⁷ Division of General Medicine, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁸ Department of General Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan

¹⁹ Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

²⁰ Division of General Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

²¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

²² Department of General Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

²³ Saga Medical Career Support Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan

²⁴ Department of Emergency and General Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

²⁵ Muribushi Okinawa Center for Teaching Hospitals, Okinawa, Japan

²⁶ Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan