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Skip search results from other journals and go to results- 4 JMIR Formative Research
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Naloxone is an opioid antagonist capable of reversing opioid OD. Naloxone distribution has been associated with reductions in population-level opioid mortality [11,12]. Prescribing naloxone with opioids (naloxone coprescribing) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) best practice and has been mandated in some states [13,14].
JMIR Med Inform 2024;12:e58276
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Naloxone is an invaluable tool to prevent opioid overdose [2], and coprescription initiatives (or programs to encourage providers to prescribe naloxone to patients receiving opioids) are a common, important intervention to reduce fatal overdoses. This is especially true in primary care settings, since eligible patients who meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention coprescription guidelines are underprescribed naloxone to take home [3].
JMIR Med Educ 2024;10:e54280
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Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and an antidote to opioid overdose. Effective interventions, such as take-home naloxone are available [4,5] but coverage is incomplete and they are not suited to many overdose situations, such as when people may be alone or the onset of their overdose goes unnoticed [6-8]. In such situations, intervention requires detection of the overdose to signal the need for a response.
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e57367
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Most states have passed legislation intended to increase layperson access to naloxone and provide limited legal immunity to those who administer naloxone to persons experiencing an opioid-related overdose [10]. By 2021, a total of 47 states and Washington, District of Columbia, had enacted both Good Samaritan and naloxone access laws [20], and programs to facilitate distribution of naloxone to laypersons have steadily become more common [18], especially since 2010 [19].
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e57280
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Even as additional means of obtaining naloxone are developed (eg, naloxone vending machines [21]), community pharmacies will likely remain an important component of supporting naloxone access and education. In some populations, patients interact with their pharmacists more often than with their primary care physicians [22], and pharmacists have been identified as some of the most accessible health care providers in the United States [23,24].
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54077
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Buprenorphine and naloxone (BUP and NAL) can reduce opioid overdose deaths by at least 70%, decrease opioid misuse, and improve quality of life [3-6]. Because of its demonstrated efficacy, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the American Society of Addiction Medicine, and the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry endorse the use of medications for opioid use disorder in the treatment of opioid use disorder (eg, BUP and NAL and methadone).
JMIR Form Res 2023;7:e40437
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Overdose Alert and Response Technologies: State-of-the-art Review
This factor is key as opioid ODs in particular can be reversed through the timely administration of naloxone, a highly effective opioid antagonist [11].
J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e40389
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Thus, there is an ongoing need to better ensure that naloxone is readily available to prevent overdose deaths.
In 2018, the US Surgeon General recommended that all people in the United States be prepared by having naloxone on hand to help in case of an overdose [15].
JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(10):e42373
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Providing naloxone to laypeople who may witness an opioid overdose is highly effective at preventing overdose mortality [6-10]; however, the rapidity of fentanyl overdose limits the time frame in which naloxone can be effectively administered. Therefore, additional and complementary opioid overdose interventions are urgently needed [11]. Motivational interviewing has been shown to reduce opioid risk behaviors [12,13].
JMIR Form Res 2022;6(9):e37483
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The medication naloxone, often known by the brand name Narcan, is an opioid receptor antagonist that is highly effective at reversing an opioid overdose. Naloxone has been used in hospitals and emergency departments for four decades, and its safety and efficacy are well established [1,10-12]. If naloxone is administered before death, even by a layperson, opioid overdose survival approaches 100% [1,10]. However, availability of naloxone in medical settings alone may be insufficient.
JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022;8(4):e32133
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