Mobile Medical Education Apps as Digital Health Information Resources in China and the United States: Longitudinal App Store Metadata Analysis and Topic Modeling of User Review Narratives

Junhao Ma   ^{1, 2 *} , MSc ;   Tian Shen   ^{1, 2 *} , MSc ;   Peng Xiang   ^{3, 4 *} , MD ;   Yingjun Li   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Yuanshuai Chen   ^{3, 5} , MD ;   Zhengyang Lu   ⁶ , BM ;   Jingkai Zeng   ⁷ , BM ;   Wei Dai   ⁸ , BM ;   Hanwen Pan   ^{9, 10, 11, 12} , BM ;   Liping Yang   ^{13, 14} , MD ;   Yunfan He   ¹⁵ , MS ;   Xingxi Li   ¹⁶ , MS ;   Joyce Wu   ^{17, 18} , BSc ;   Qi Yu   ^{19, 20} , MD ;   Jun Liang   ^{1, 2, 3, 6} , MS ;   Jianbo Lei   ^{21, 22} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

² National Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantable Devices, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

³ Department of AI and IT, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

⁴ Intelligent Medical Research Center, Zhejiang University Institute of Computer Innovation Technology, Hangzhou, China

⁵ Medical Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

⁶ Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

⁷ Department of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China

⁸ School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

⁹ Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China

¹⁰ Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

¹¹ Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China

¹² Zhonghe Guoyi Beijing International Medical Research Institute, Beijing, China

¹³ College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China

¹⁴ Institute of Medical Engineering Interdisciplinary Research, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China

¹⁵ School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

¹⁶ Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

¹⁷ Academy for Allied Health Sciences, Scotch Plains, NJ, United States

¹⁸ New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States

¹⁹ Shanxi Key Laboratory of AI-Enhanced Clinical Decision Support, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

²⁰ Xinzhou Vocational and Technical College, Xinzhou, China

²¹ Center for Medical Informatics, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China

²² Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China

*these authors contributed equally