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Pharmaceutical Analysis of Inpatient Prescriptions: Systematic Observation of Hospital Pharmacists’ Practices in the Early User-Centered Design Phase

Pharmaceutical Analysis of Inpatient Prescriptions: Systematic Observation of Hospital Pharmacists’ Practices in the Early User-Centered Design Phase

At the start of each observation, the researcher notes generic information about the environment (date, time, site, and location) and the pharmacist being observed (area of expertise and status). At the end, he or she enters the time and comments, debriefing the participant. In 1 hour of observation, the pharmacist will analyze and validate several electronic prescriptions corresponding to different patients. For each patient, the researcher uses an observation grid to structure data collection.

Jesse Butruille, Natalina Cirnat, Mariem Alaoui, Jérôme Saracco, Etienne Cousein, Noémie Chaniaud

JMIR Hum Factors 2025;12:e65959

Effect of Uncertainty-Aware AI Models on Pharmacists’ Reaction Time and Decision-Making in a Web-Based Mock Medication Verification Task: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Uncertainty-Aware AI Models on Pharmacists’ Reaction Time and Decision-Making in a Web-Based Mock Medication Verification Task: Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of black-box and uncertainty-aware AI advice on pharmacist decision-making and reaction time. We previously developed 2 AI conditions to assist pharmacists with making decisions when dispensing medications. The “black-box” condition does not provide the user with insight into the AI’s certainty or predicted probability of a correct decision. The “uncertainty-aware” condition provides the user with an estimate of certainty from the model predictions.

Corey Lester, Brigid Rowell, Yifan Zheng, Zoe Co, Vincent Marshall, Jin Yong Kim, Qiyuan Chen, Raed Kontar, X Jessie Yang

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e64902

Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Evaluation Study

Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Evaluation Study

In the field of pharmacy, GPT-3.5 has exhibited commendable performance in clinical toxicology and pharmacology [17,18], although it has not passed the National Pharmacist Licensing Examination (NPLE) in Taiwan [19]. However, GPT-4 has outperformed GPT-3.5 in drug information [20] and China’s Pharmacist Licensing Examination [21].

Ying-Mei Wang, Hung-Wei Shen, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Shu-Chiung Chiang, Ting-Guan Lin

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e56850

Complex Hospital-Based Electronic Prescribing–Based Intervention to Support Antimicrobial Stewardship: Qualitative Study

Complex Hospital-Based Electronic Prescribing–Based Intervention to Support Antimicrobial Stewardship: Qualitative Study

The senior e-prescribing pharmacist in the hospital developed the technical aspects of e PAMS+ in collaboration with the research team, drawing upon wider stakeholder engagement [27]. Their gatekeeper role helped us to establish contact with clinical leads and early users of the intervention. We selected 5 acute wards with high antibiotic use for the feasibility trial to be first adopters of e PAMS+. These included Infectious Diseases, Elderly Care, 2 Oncology wards, and Respiratory Diseases.

Kathrin Cresswell, Susan Hinder, Aziz Sheikh, Neil Watson, David Price, Andrew Heed, Sarah Katie Pontefract, Jamie Coleman, Jillian Beggs, Antony Chuter, Ann Slee, Robin Williams

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54458

Evaluation of an e-Learning Program for Community Pharmacists for Dispensing Emicizumab (Hemlibra) in France: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Evaluation of an e-Learning Program for Community Pharmacists for Dispensing Emicizumab (Hemlibra) in France: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

At the end of each module, the community pharmacist can participate in a quiz composed of 4 or 5 questions. Quizzes are mandatory to obtain the certificate of achievement (with at least 80% of correct answers), but this certificate is not mandatory to dispense emicizumab. We designed a cross-sectional study based on the Kirkpatrick model [15] based on 2 closed surveys and on an analysis of secondary data. The evaluation of the training program comprised the investigation of 3 information levels.

Valérie Chamouard, Julie Freyssenge, Béatrice Clairaz-Mahiou, Felicia Ferrera Bibas, Laurie Fraticelli

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54656

The Potential of GPT-4 as a Support Tool for Pharmacists: Analytical Study Using the Japanese National Examination for Pharmacists

The Potential of GPT-4 as a Support Tool for Pharmacists: Analytical Study Using the Japanese National Examination for Pharmacists

To evaluate whether GPT-4 can be used as an auxiliary tool for pharmacist work in the future, verification using more detailed work data sets (eg, patient counseling, records of inquiries from physicians, drug interaction analysis, and examples of questionable prescriptions) is required. In conclusion, GPT-4 showed that some passing criteria were not met in terms of the accuracy rate for all JNEP questions, but the accuracy rates for the questions that GPT-4 could answer met all of the passing criteria.

Yuki Kunitsu

JMIR Med Educ 2023;9:e48452

Role of Individual Clinician Authority in the Implementation of Informatics Tools for Population-Based Medication Management: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study

Role of Individual Clinician Authority in the Implementation of Informatics Tools for Population-Based Medication Management: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study

[Pharmacist, Site B, ID004] Authority withclinician self-identity and job satisfaction: ”It's just a massive report, where even though we can get through many alerts each day, it feels very insignificant sometimes because we're talking about thousands of alerts…it’s just a lot for one person to focus on.”

Allison Ranusch, Ying-Jen Lin, Michael P Dorsch, Arthur L Allen, Patrick Spoutz, F Jacob Seagull, Jeremy B Sussman, Geoffrey D Barnes

JMIR Hum Factors 2023;10:e49025

Examining Real-World Medication Consultations and Drug-Herb Interactions: ChatGPT Performance Evaluation

Examining Real-World Medication Consultations and Drug-Herb Interactions: ChatGPT Performance Evaluation

If discrepancies emerged between their evaluations, a third pharmacist was brought in for consultation. All disagreements were resolved through consensus to provide the final labeling. All the questions and answers generated, as well as the supplementary tables, were in Chinese. Ultimately, we used the built-in translation feature of Chat GPT-4 to directly translate the Chinese content into English.

Hsing-Yu Hsu, Kai-Cheng Hsu, Shih-Yen Hou, Ching-Lung Wu, Yow-Wen Hsieh, Yih-Dih Cheng

JMIR Med Educ 2023;9:e48433

Enhancing Evidence-Based Pharmacy by Comparing the Quality of Web-Based Information Sources to the EVInews Database: Randomized Controlled Trial With German Community Pharmacists

Enhancing Evidence-Based Pharmacy by Comparing the Quality of Web-Based Information Sources to the EVInews Database: Randomized Controlled Trial With German Community Pharmacists

Independent pharmacists from the Department of Clinical Pharmacy at Leipzig University compose the newsletters with editorial assistance from AVOXA—Media Group German Pharmacist Gmb H. An adjusted quality score was used to assess the information sources that were used for the search task. Therefore, a rating scheme for the evaluation of the search task was created (Table S2 in Multimedia Appendix 2).

Jennifer Maria Alexa, Matthias Richter, Thilo Bertsche

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e45582