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Is This Chatbot Safe and Evidence-Based? A Call for the Critical Evaluation of Generative AI Mental Health Chatbots

Is This Chatbot Safe and Evidence-Based? A Call for the Critical Evaluation of Generative AI Mental Health Chatbots

Based on our shared experience in clinical practice, mental health research co-design and/or participatory involvement in research and building AI-powered products, and on the World Health Organization’s guidance on Ethics & Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health (2024) [18], we propose that mental health AI chatbots should adhere to a version of the criteria outlined in Table 1.

Acacia Parks, Eoin Travers, Ramesh Perera-Delcourt, Max Major, Marcos Economides, Phil Mullan

J Particip Med 2025;17:e69534

Framing the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Concepts and Methods: Scoping Review

Framing the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Concepts and Methods: Scoping Review

The study emphasizes the needs of AI developers and users, addressing aspects such as functionality, social impact, understandability, ethics, privacy, and security. These insights are crucial for developing AI systems that meet diverse stakeholder requirements.

Roberta Bevilacqua, Tania Bailoni, Elvira Maranesi, Giulio Amabili, Federico Barbarossa, Marta Ponzano, Michele Virgolesi, Teresa Rea, Maddalena Illario, Enrico Maria Piras, Matteo Lenge, Elisa Barbi, Garifallia Sakellariou

JMIR Hum Factors 2025;12:e67350

Users' Perceptions and Trust in AI in Direct-to-Consumer mHealth: Qualitative Interview Study

Users' Perceptions and Trust in AI in Direct-to-Consumer mHealth: Qualitative Interview Study

This study addressed a supplemental aim to an ongoing study about the ethics of AI use in medicine (NCATS R01-TR-003505) [21]. To accomplish this aim, we conducted semistructured interviews with existing users of AI-m Health apps (N=21) to identify and describe their perspectives relating to ethical dimensions associated with the use of such apps, specifically in the workplace.

Katie Ryan, Justin Hogg, Max Kasun, Jane Paik Kim

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e64715

Exploring Ethics: Understanding the Role of Privacy Policies and Institutional Review Boards in Digital Health Companies

Exploring Ethics: Understanding the Role of Privacy Policies and Institutional Review Boards in Digital Health Companies

Trends in ethics for digital health apps are increasingly focusing on data privacy, security, and legal compliance, but ethical concerns are often underemphasized in quality frameworks [5]. For the purpose of this paper, ethics refers to the moral guidelines that researchers follow to ensure that they treat participants fairly, respect participants’ rights, and prioritize participants’ well-being in the research process [6].

Jacqlyn L Yourell, Kelsey L McAlister, Clare C Beatty, Jennifer L Huberty

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e70711

Comparative Performance of Medical Students, ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 in Answering Questions From a Brazilian National Medical Exam: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

Comparative Performance of Medical Students, ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 in Answering Questions From a Brazilian National Medical Exam: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

The main barriers are validation, usability, utility, and ethics [24]. More global research is still needed to generate more data on the use of AI in medicine. Only after extensive proof of superiority will its use be legalized [25]. Utility refers to the functionality of a tool being studied and improved through research and its use in various functions, while usability refers to the ability of health care professionals to use the tool to achieve satisfactory results [25].

Mateus Rodrigues Alessi, Heitor Augusto Gomes, Gabriel Oliveira, Matheus Lopes de Castro, Fabiano Grenteski, Leticia Miyashiro, Camila do Valle, Leticia Tozzini Tavares da Silva, Cristina Okamoto

JMIR AI 2025;4:e66552

Examining Practices Related to Ethical Aspects in eHealth Evaluation Research: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Examining Practices Related to Ethical Aspects in eHealth Evaluation Research: Protocol for a Scoping Review

The complexity of ethics, lack of targeted guidance for interdisciplinary teams, and absence of comprehensive reviews of evaluation research practices provide the rationale for this scoping review. These issues are explored in detail in the following sections and further elaborated in the proposed review, using evaluations of RPM in cancer and cardiovascular care as practical case studies.

Linda Wienands, Sabine Valenta, Lynn Leppla, Sabina De Geest, László Kovács, Alexandra Teynor, Julia Krumme

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e60849

Prognostic Disclosure in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Prognostic Disclosure in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Reference 10: Intended and unintended consequences: Ethics, communication, and prognostic disclosureethics

Linda Battistuzzi, Irene Giannubilo, Claudia Bighin

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e57256

Expert and Interdisciplinary Analysis of AI-Driven Chatbots for Mental Health Support: Mixed Methods Study

Expert and Interdisciplinary Analysis of AI-Driven Chatbots for Mental Health Support: Mixed Methods Study

This human participant research was approved by the appropriate University College Dublin (UCD) research ethics committee (UCD School of Information and Communication Studies Taught Masters Research Ethics Committee).

Kayley Moylan, Kevin Doherty

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e67114