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Analgesic Effect of Intraoperative Intravenous S(+)-Ketamine During Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Analgesic Effect of Intraoperative Intravenous S(+)-Ketamine During Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

It mainly acts on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor to produce sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic effects [8,9]. S(+)-ketamine is an effective S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine with a greater affinity than ketamine (approximately 2- to 4-fold) for NMDA receptors, thereby producing stronger sedative and analgesic effects and fewer adverse events, and it has been used to prevent central sensitization [10-13]. Opioids, such as remifentanil, may lead to hyperalgesia and more analgesic requirements.

Shiyuan Deng, Lina Chen, Xiao Song, Liang Guo, Fei Zhao, Jing Liu, Ling Dong

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e53063