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Using a Hybrid of AI and Template-Based Method in Automatic Item Generation to Create Multiple-Choice Questions in Medical Education: Hybrid AIG

Using a Hybrid of AI and Template-Based Method in Automatic Item Generation to Create Multiple-Choice Questions in Medical Education: Hybrid AIG

This laborious process, which demands expertise and resources, faces a bottleneck in scaling up to meet the demand for a vast quantity of quality items. The challenge is particularly pronounced in medical education, where only a progress test administration in a year requires having 2400 multiple-choice items [2], showing the inefficiency of traditional methods in satisfying the needs of question banks in medical schools.

Yavuz Selim Kıyak, Andrzej A Kononowicz

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e65726

Collaborative Development of Feedback Concept Maps for Virtual Patient–Based Clinical Reasoning Education: Mixed Methods Study

Collaborative Development of Feedback Concept Maps for Virtual Patient–Based Clinical Reasoning Education: Mixed Methods Study

Concept mapping is a method used to represent concepts and their relationships in a visual diagram, using explanatory terms to relate concepts to each other [10]. A typical use in health education is to present students with a case scenario and have them create a concept map to represent their thought process as the case unfolds [9,11]. They can record relevant findings, tests, differential diagnoses, and treatment options and connect concepts to each other to visualize their CR process [8].

Anja Mayer, Inga Hege, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Anja Müller, Małgorzata Sudacka

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e57331

Gamification in the Design of Virtual Patients for Swedish Military Medics to Support Trauma Training: Interaction Analysis and Semistructured Interview Study

Gamification in the Design of Virtual Patients for Swedish Military Medics to Support Trauma Training: Interaction Analysis and Semistructured Interview Study

Each case began with a critical tactical decision, where a wrong choice led to the medic’s death, either from stepping on a cluster bomb or coming under enemy fire. Prioritizing safety was essential in all cases, even though it was not always immediately obvious.

Natalia Stathakarou, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Erik Mattsson, Klas Karlgren

JMIR Serious Games 2024;12:e63390

Game Elements in the Design of Simulations in Military Trauma Management Training: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Game Elements in the Design of Simulations in Military Trauma Management Training: Protocol for a Systematic Review

In a war situation, the trauma teams must adjust their practices to the austere conditions outside the fully equipped civilian hospital, operate with reduced numbers of team members, and deal with significantly higher numbers of patients than they might be accustomed to. Prehospital trauma care differs significantly between a civilian and a deployed setting [4].

Natalia Stathakarou, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Cara Swain, Klas Karlgren

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e45969

Virtual Patient Simulations in Health Professions Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration

Virtual Patient Simulations in Health Professions Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration

A virtual patient simulation is introduced by a case description and might contain answers given by the patient, clinical data (eg, laboratory results, medical images), and descriptions of patients’ signs and symptoms. Only the representations of the patient as a whole were of interest, rather than studies that focused on single parts of the body.

Andrzej A Kononowicz, Luke A Woodham, Samuel Edelbring, Natalia Stathakarou, David Davies, Nakul Saxena, Lorainne Tudor Car, Jan Carlstedt-Duke, Josip Car, Nabil Zary

J Med Internet Res 2019;21(7):e14676

Virtual Reality for Health Professions Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration

Virtual Reality for Health Professions Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration

It allows for a first-person active learning experience through different levels of immersion; that is, a perception of the digital world as real and the ability to interact with objects and/or perform a series of actions in this digital world [7-9]. VR can be displayed with a variety of tools, including computer or mobile device screens, and VR rooms of head-mounted displays.

Bhone Myint Kyaw, Nakul Saxena, Pawel Posadzki, Jitka Vseteckova, Charoula Konstantia Nikolaou, Pradeep Paul George, Ushashree Divakar, Italo Masiello, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Nabil Zary, Lorainne Tudor Car

J Med Internet Res 2019;21(1):e12959

A Clinical Reasoning Tool for Virtual Patients: Design-Based Research Study

A Clinical Reasoning Tool for Virtual Patients: Design-Based Research Study

Clinical reasoning or clinical decision making encompasses the application of knowledge to collect and integrate information from various sources to arrive at a diagnosis and a management plan. It is a fundamental skill health care students have to acquire during and after their education. In addition to traditional teaching methods, VPs offer a safe environment to practice clinical reasoning without harming a patient and to prepare learners for clerkships or bedside teaching [2].

Inga Hege, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Martin Adler

JMIR Med Educ 2017;3(2):e21