TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baglivo, Francesco
AU  - De Angelis, Luigi
AU  - Casigliani, Virginia
AU  - Arzilli, Guglielmo
AU  - Privitera, Gaetano Pierpaolo
AU  - Rizzo, Caterina
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/11/1
TI  - Exploring the Possible Use of AI Chatbots in Public Health Education: Feasibility Study
JO  - JMIR Med Educ
SP  - e51421
VL  - 9
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - chatbots
KW  - medical education
KW  - vaccination
KW  - public health
KW  - medical students
KW  - large language model
KW  - generative AI
KW  - ChatGPT
KW  - Google Bard
KW  - AI chatbot
KW  - health education
KW  - health care
KW  - medical training
KW  - educational support tool
KW  - chatbot model
AB  - Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing field with the potential to transform various aspects of health care and public health, including medical training. During the “Hygiene and Public Health” course for fifth-year medical students, a practical training session was conducted on vaccination using AI chatbots as an educational supportive tool. Before receiving specific training on vaccination, the students were given a web-based test extracted from the Italian National Medical Residency Test. After completing the test, a critical correction of each question was performed assisted by AI chatbots. Objective: The main aim of this study was to identify whether AI chatbots can be considered educational support tools for training in public health. The secondary objective was to assess the performance of different AI chatbots on complex multiple-choice medical questions in the Italian language. Methods: A test composed of 15 multiple-choice questions on vaccination was extracted from the Italian National Medical Residency Test using targeted keywords and administered to medical students via Google Forms and to different AI chatbot models (Bing Chat, ChatGPT, Chatsonic, Google Bard, and YouChat). The correction of the test was conducted in the classroom, focusing on the critical evaluation of the explanations provided by the chatbot. A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare the performances of medical students and AI chatbots. Student feedback was collected anonymously at the end of the training experience. Results: In total, 36 medical students and 5 AI chatbot models completed the test. The students achieved an average score of 8.22 (SD 2.65) out of 15, while the AI chatbots scored an average of 12.22 (SD 2.77). The results indicated a statistically significant difference in performance between the 2 groups (U=49.5, P<.001), with a large effect size (r=0.69). When divided by question type (direct, scenario-based, and negative), significant differences were observed in direct (P<.001) and scenario-based (P<.001) questions, but not in negative questions (P=.48). The students reported a high level of satisfaction (7.9/10) with the educational experience, expressing a strong desire to repeat the experience (7.6/10). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the efficacy of AI chatbots in answering complex medical questions related to vaccination and providing valuable educational support. Their performance significantly surpassed that of medical students in direct and scenario-based questions. The responsible and critical use of AI chatbots can enhance medical education, making it an essential aspect to integrate into the educational system. 
SN  - 2369-3762
UR  - https://mededu.jmir.org/2023/1/e51421
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/51421
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37910155
DO  - 10.2196/51421
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/51421
ER  -