TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jiang, Haowen
AU  - Vimalesvaran, Sunitha
AU  - Wang, Jeremy King
AU  - Lim, Kee Boon
AU  - Mogali, Sreenivasulu Reddy
AU  - Car, Lorainne Tudor
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/2/2
TI  - Virtual Reality in Medical Students’ Education: Scoping Review
JO  - JMIR Med Educ
SP  - e34860
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - medical education
KW  - medical students
KW  - virtual worlds
KW  - digital health education
AB  - Background: Virtual reality (VR) produces a virtual manifestation of the real world and has been shown to be useful as a digital education modality. As VR encompasses different modalities, tools, and applications, there is a need to explore how VR has been used in medical education. Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map existing research on the use of VR in undergraduate medical education and to identify areas of future research. Methods: We performed a search of 4 bibliographic databases in December 2020. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. The study was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Results: Of the 114 included studies, 69 (60.5%) reported the use of commercially available surgical VR simulators. Other VR modalities included 3D models (15/114, 13.2%) and virtual worlds (20/114, 17.5%), which were mainly used for anatomy education. Most of the VR modalities included were semi-immersive (68/114, 59.6%) and were of high interactivity (79/114, 69.3%). There is limited evidence on the use of more novel VR modalities, such as mobile VR and virtual dissection tables (8/114, 7%), as well as the use of VR for nonsurgical and nonpsychomotor skills training (20/114, 17.5%) or in a group setting (16/114, 14%). Only 2.6% (3/114) of the studies reported the use of conceptual frameworks or theories in the design of VR. Conclusions: Despite the extensive research available on VR in medical education, there continue to be important gaps in the evidence. Future studies should explore the use of VR for the development of nonpsychomotor skills and in areas other than surgery and anatomy. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046986 
SN  - 2369-3762
UR  - https://mededu.jmir.org/2022/1/e34860
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/34860
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35107421
DO  - 10.2196/34860
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/34860
ER  -